Vitamin D : Recently, a landmark study published in The Lancet Psychiatry has revealed a strong association between neonatal vitamin D levels and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.
oBased on a comprehensive Danish dataset of nearly 89,000 individuals, the study highlights that vitamin D deficiency at birth may impact not only bone health but also brain development, an insight with significant implications for countries like India.
o Methods to Test Causality
ü Polygenic Risk Score (PRS): Individuals with genetic predisposition for higher vitamin D had lower risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Helped rule out reverse causation (i.e., mental illness causing low vitamin D).
ü Mendelian Randomisation (MR): Used genetic variants linked to vitamin D to suggest causal relationship with lower risk of ADHD, schizophrenia, and possibly autism. Limitations due to pleiotropy and genetic overlap acknowledged.
o Bengaluru study: 92.1% of newborns had deficiency
o Bundelkhand study: Strong correlation between maternal and infant vitamin D levels
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