UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Recently, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) raised a red flag over an escalating global land degradation crisis.
o Restoration Opportunity: Restoring 1.5 billion hectares of land can potentially create a $1 trillion global restoration economy.
o Current Economic Loss: Land degradation and drought are costing the global economy $878 billion annually—three times more than total official development aid in 2023.
o Primary Causes: Deforestation, unsustainable agriculture, urban sprawl—intensified by climate change, poverty, and overconsumption—are major drivers of land degradation.
o Establishment: In 1994, effective from 1996 ; Permanent Secretariat: Bonn, Germany
o Origin: Rio Conference's Agenda 21, 1992
o Principle: Based on participation, partnership, and decentralization, a global commitment to combat land degradation and ensure food, water, shelter, and economic opportunity for all.
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The UPSC Civil Services Exam has three parts:
This exam is tough, but with the right guidance, it becomes easy to manage. Students must study smart and stay regular.
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