theIASHub | 31 May, 2025 | 3
SHOX Gene : Recently, a study has provided fresh insights into the long-standing height difference between men and women, revealing that men are, on average, about 5 inches taller.
o While hormones and environmental factors have traditionally been considered contributors, researchers have now identified a specific genetic component—the SHOX gene—as playing a significant role in this disparity.
o Genetic Distribution: Females have two X chromosomes, each carrying the SHOX gene, while males have one X and one Y chromosome, both containing active copies of the gene.
o Chromosomal Influence on Height: Researchers studied over 1,225 individuals with atypical sex chromosome configurations (like extra or missing X/Y chromosomes), sourced from three major biobanks in the US and UK.
o Key Discovery: Individuals with an extra Y chromosome were generally taller than those with an extra X chromosome. This indicates that the SHOX gene on the Y chromosome has a stronger influence on height than the version on the X chromosome.
o Gene Activity Levels: In females, one X chromosome is mostly inactivated, but the SHOX gene largely escapes this silencing. However, males still have a higher active SHOX dosage from both X and Y chromosomes, contributing to their taller height.
o Impact on Average Height Difference: The heightened SHOX expression in males accounts for nearly 25% of the average height gap between men and women. The rest is attributed to male sex hormones and other genetic factors.
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