REPORT ON SNAKE MIGRATION (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Env and Eco)

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Context: A recent report revealed that climate change could prompt significant geographical shifts in venomous snake populations, potentially leading to mass migrations of various species.


Climate change-related distributional range shifts of venomous snakes Report

  • The study focused on 209 medically important venomous snake species recognized by the WHO.
  • Ecosystem Role of Snakes: Apart from medical applications, snakes contribute to ecosystems by preying on mammals, birds, and other snakes.
  • Favorable Climatic Conditions: Researchers modeled snake migration patterns in relation to climate change projections up to 2070.
  • Warning of Loss in Specific Regions: The report warns of a decline in venomous snake populations in the Amazon and South Africa.
  • Population Increase: Conversely, regions like the United States, northern Europe, and Southeast Asia are projected to experience an increase in snake populations.
  • Snake-Enriched Agricultural Areas: Agricultural regions in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Uganda, Kenya, Cameroon, Lithuania, Liberia, and Ukraine have observed an increase in snake populations.


Legally Protected Indian Reptiles

  • Venomous snake species such as King Cobra, Monocled Cobra, Spectacled Cobra and Russell’s Viper are protected by law under Schedule II of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
  • Non-venomous snake species such as the Indian Rock Python is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. This implies that the Python is granted the same level of protection as the Asian Elephant in the country.
  • Red Sand Boa: Legally protected - Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule IV, CITES: Appendix II
  • Rat Snake and water snakes such as Checkered keelback and Olive keelback are classified under Schedule II (Part II).


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