theIASHub | 26 Jun, 2025 | 151
Kounis Syndrome: Recently, the death of a prominent Indian industrialist following a bee sting has drawn public attention to Kounis Syndrome.
o Also referred to as “allergic angina” or “allergic myocardial infarction.”
o The allergic response activates mast cells, which release inflammatory chemicals like histamine and cytokines.
o These substances can cause: Spasms or narrowing of coronary arteries.
- Plaque rupture in patients with underlying heart disease.
- Reduced blood flow to the heart, resulting in ischemia (oxygen shortage) or infarction (tissue damage).
o Triggered by various allergens, including insect stings or bites (like bees and wasps), certain medications (especially antibiotics and NSAIDs), specific foods (such as nuts, shellfish, and kiwi), environmental allergens (like latex or contrast dyes), and underlying conditions such as mastocytosis, which involves an excess of mast cells.
o Type II: Affects those with pre-existing coronary artery disease; allergic reactions can cause plaque rupture and a full-blown heart attack.
o Type III: Seen in patients with coronary stents; allergic triggers may lead to clot formation inside the stent.
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