theIASHub | 09 Jul, 2025 | 169
Japonica Rice: Recently, in a landmark step towards sustainable agriculture, scientists at the National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) in Delhi successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to genetically edit japonica rice. This will enhance its ability to absorb and transport phosphate—one of the key nutrient limitations in Indian soils.
o The gene-edited rice lines showed up to 20% higher yields under normal phosphate application, and up to 40% yield boost even when just 10% of recommended phosphate fertilizer was used.
o Characteristics : The grains are short to medium in size and don't break or fall off easily.
- They are thicker, harder, and stickier than regular white rice.
- They have low to medium starch (amylose) content—between 0% and 20%.
o Famous Varieties: Some popular types are sushi rice and glutinous rice. (Glutinous rice is sticky but gluten-free.)
o Best Climate for Growing: It grows well in cooler parts of subtropical and temperate areas.
o Mostly Grown : Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Indonesia.
o A powerful genome editing tool that allows scientists to precisely alter DNA sequences at specific locations in the genome.
o How It Works: Functions like a cut-and-paste mechanism on DNA strands.
- The targeted genetic code is identified.
- The Cas9 protein acts as a molecular scissor to cut the DNA at the desired location.
- This enables insertion, deletion, or modification of genes.
- Modifying crop genes to improve yield, resilience, and nutrient use efficiency.
- Creating models to study diseases and test new drugs.
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