Climate change and its impacts on Bay of Bengal: Recently, a multinational study revealed that both unusually strong and weak Indian Summer Monsoons over the past 22,000 years have significantly reduced marine productivity in the Bay of Bengal.
o Though it covers less than 1% of the world’s ocean area, it contributes nearly 8% to global fishery production.
o Millions living along its coasts depend on its nutrient-rich waters for protein and livelihoods.
o The productivity of these waters, driven by plankton growth, forms the foundation of the marine food web.
o Fossils were extracted from seafloor sediments aboard the JOIDES Resolution ship, part of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP).
o By examining chemical and biological indicators, past monsoon patterns, ocean temperatures, and productivity were reconstructed.
o Historical periods like Heinrich Stadial 1 and Early Holocene saw sharp declines in productivity due to these extremes.
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