theIASHub | 09 Apr, 2025 | 5
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Governor: Recently, the Supreme Court said that a Governor cannot reserve a Bill for the President’s consideration if it is presented for the second time after being returned under Article 200.
o Governor’s role in lawmaking includes granting, withholding, returning, or reserving Bills.
o Discretionary powers of the Governor must be constitutionally bound and non-arbitrary.
o Article 200 empowers the Governor to: (1) Grant assent, (2) Withhold assent, (3) Return for reconsideration, (4) Reserve for President.
o Proviso to Article 200 mandates the Governor to return Bills promptly with a message, except Money Bills.
o Re-passed Bill by the State Assembly requires the Governor to mandatorily grant assent.
o Tamil Nadu case (2025) clarified that reservation for President is invalid after re-passage of the Bill.
o Expression ‘in his discretion’ from the 1935 Act was omitted in Article 200, limiting the Governor’s discretion.
Chittorgarh Fort: Recently, the Rajasthan Government informed the Supreme Court that it is “actively considering” a complete ban on mining up to 10 km from the outer boundary of Chittorgarh Fort.
o Later, the fort was captured by the Mewar rulers in 728 CE. It used to be the capital of the Mewar rulers, situated on a 180-meter-high hill that rises from the banks of river Berach.
o The Fort has been witness to several legendary warriors in Indian history, including Badal, Gora, Maharana Pratap, Rana Kumbha, Patta, and Jaimal, among others.
o It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.
o The fort houses four palaces, 19 temples (including Jain and Hindu temples), 20 water bodies, and four memorials.
o This Rajput festival celebrates the anniversary of one of the jauhars.
o Though there’s no specific name given, it is believed that the fair commemorates Rani Padmini’s jauhar and celebrates Rajputana valour.
Topological materials: Recently, Microsoft released a quantum-computing chip made of such topological materials.
o Such materials were discovered in the second half of the 20th century, and some of their discoverers won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2016.
o To understand why these materials work, one needs quantum mechanics, whose foundational principles were discovered 100 years ago.
o 2025 has been declared as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology by the UN.
o A mirror is not one material but two — glass (shy electrons) and metal (unruly electrons).
o A mirror feels like glass but reflects like a steel plate. It has a thin metal layer at the back.
o The glass lets light through, and metal reflects it back. This combination makes a long-lasting mirror.
o Imagine a block of glass with silver on all sides — it will look like metal but won’t conduct inside. Creating such behaviour in a single material results in topological materials.
o To deeply understand this, consider learning quantum mechanics, such as through physics courses at institutions like IIT Kanpur.
3D-printed Train Station: The West Japan Railway Company unveiled a 3D-printed train station in Arida city, claiming it as a world first.
o Aerospace: HAL & Wipro 3D, printed air blower component for TEJAS aircraft using Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) → 50% weight reduction.
o GE: Manufactured 3D-printed jet engine fuel nozzle in India → improved durability and thermal efficiency.
o Automotive: Mahindra, produces 200+ 3D-printed polymer parts annually for prototypes → faster design verification.
o Construction: India’s first 3D-printed house: Built in 2 weeks by Tvasta using concrete extrusion technique.
o Healthcare: Yaantra, the 3D-printed skull implant helped surgeons visualise tumour shape accurately.
ü Ossio: Developed orthopaedic implants from Ossioglass → matches bone strength and hardness.
o Consumer Goods: Dochub & Carbon Heel, use 3D printing for customised, flexible footwear.
o Public Infrastructure: India’s first 3D-printed post office, constructed in 45 days by L&T and IIT Madras → shows rapid construction capability.
o Biomimicry: Designs inspired by natural structures (e.g. spider webs, lotus leaves).
City Key of Honour: The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu recently received the ‘City Key of Honour’ of Lisbon honour by the President of Portugal.
Niveshak Didi: The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) and India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) have signed a Memorandum of Agreement to launch Phase 2 of the Niveshak Didi initiative to deepen financial literacy among rural women in India.
o Women-led Financial Literacy Drive: Empowers rural women through community-based financial education.
o Launched in: 2023; now expanded in Phase 2 in April 2025.
o Implemented by: Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) under Ministry of Corporate Affairs. India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) under Department of Posts, Ministry of Communications.
o Objective: Spread financial awareness and responsible money management in rural areas.
ü Encourage inclusive banking, digital literacy, & fraud prevention through local women influencers.
o Grassroots Deployment: 40,000+ women postal workers to be trained as Niveshak Didis for outreach in underserved areas.
o Financial Literacy Camps: 4,000+ new camps to be organised across rural, semi-urban, and tribal regions.
o Focused Curriculum Includes: Savings, digital banking, safe investment, & fraud prevention.
o Women-Centric Model: Over 60% beneficiaries in Phase 1 were women from remote areas, leveraging their community influence.
o Digital Inclusion: Promotes paperless and cashless banking using IPPB tools in 13 vernacular languages.
Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme: The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has notified the Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme to deepen India’s electronics ecosystem and strengthen its position as a global electronics manufacturing hub.
o Active components to be covered under the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM).
o Inspired by Semiconductor Mission's success in attracting firms like Applied Materials, Lam Research.
o Companies like Linde setting up facilities in India.
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