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1. Planetary Parade

Recently, a rare planetary parade occurred, where seven planets and the Moon aligned in the night sky. These events, known as planetary parades, create a visual spectacle as planets appear to line up in the order of their distance from the Sun.

  • About Planetary Parade: A phenomenon where planets align in the night sky in the order of their distance from the Sun.
  • Frequency & Rarity:

o Common: Three or four planets aligning occurs once every few years.

o Rare: Seven or eight planets aligning is very rare.

o The February 28 parade involved seven planets- Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

  • Visibility: Closer planets were visible to the naked eye. Farther planets (Uranus & Neptune) required telescopes.
  • Next Occurrence: The next such line-up is expected in 2040, involving six planets.

2. White Island

The owners of New Zealand’s White Island (Whakaari), where a volcanic eruption in 2019 killed 22 tourists and local guides, have had their conviction overturned by the country's High Court.

  • About White Island (Whakaari): An active composite stratovolcano in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 48 km off the coast of Whakatāne (North Island).
  • Volcanic Activity: Most active cone volcano in New Zealand.

o Formed over the past 150,000 years due to continuous activity.

o Last major eruption: December 9, 2019 (caused fatalities & injuries).

  • Geographical Features: Covers 325 hectares (only 30% above sea level; the rest is submerged).
  • Diameter: 2 km, Peak height: 321 m above sea level.

o Features hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles.

  • Historical & Ownership Facts: Named by Capt. James Cook in 1769.

o Privately owned; declared a private scenic reserve in 1953.

o A site of tourism and geological research.


3. Blue Ghost Mission

Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 successfully landed on the Moon.

  • This is the first CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery for Firefly under NASA’s Artemis campaign.
  • About Blue Ghost Mission: It’s objective carried a suite of 10 NASA science and technology instruments under the CLPS initiative.

o Instruments will operate for one lunar day (14 Earth days) on the lunar surface.

  • Landing & Configuration: Lander is in an upright and stable configuration after touchdown.

o First Moon landing for Firefly Aerospace.

  • Journey & Scientific Contributions: Launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.

o Record-breaking signal tracking (246,000 miles) from Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment.

o Conducted experiments on: Radiation-tolerant computing (through Van Allen Belts).

o Magnetic field changes in space (Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder payload).

  • Surface Operations & Research: Tests lunar subsurface drilling, regolith sampling, radiation-tolerant computing, and dust mitigation methods.

o Data to improve understanding of space weather and cosmic forces impacting Earth.

o Will capture lunar sunset imagery and dust behavior at dusk, a phenomenon first observed in Apollo 17.

o Lander to operate for several hours into the lunar night after sunset.


4. Solarpunk

it is an artistic and literary movement, has emerged as a counterpart to the dystopian world of Cyberpunk, presenting the idea that a peaceful, harmonious society may be within reach. With the climate crisis escalating, Solarpunk offers a vision of sustainable living, balancing nature and community.

  • About Solarpunk: A literary and art movement rooted in science fiction, exploring what a sustainable civilisation may look like and how to achieve it.

o Traced back to a 2008 blog post titled From Steampunk to Solarpunk, inspired by the hybrid cargo ship Beluga Skysail’s maiden voyage, which achieved 20% fuel savings using renewable energy.

  • Core Elements & Ideology: Best captured in a 2014 manifesto by Arizona State University’s Project Hieroglyph, founded by Neal Stephenson.
  • Inspired by: Jefferson’s yeoman farmer ideal, Gandhi’s Swadeshi and Salt March, and Traditions of innovative dissent.
  • Key themes: Ingenuity, generativity, independence, and community

o Repurposing infrastructure and leveraging jugaad-style innovation

  • Relation to Cyberpunk & Other Subgenres:

o Cyberpunk (1980s) originated from Bruce Bethke’s short story "Cyberpunk", combining cybernetics and punk.

o Cyberpunk portrays a dystopian "low-life, high-tech" society with late-stage capitalism, inequality, neon-lit cities, high-tech weapons, and crime.

o Other offshoots include Steampunk, Biopunk, Dieselpunk, and Solarpunk.

  • Solarpunk vs. Cyberpunk:

o Optimistic counterfoil to Cyberpunk, focusing on - Green tech systems, Sustainable development, Anti-speciesism, Multicultural coexistence, and Actionable solutions for a secure future.

o Project Hieroglyph’s manifesto calls this "infrastructure as resistance", aimed at improving life today and for future generations.


5. Electors Photo Identity Card

The ECI recently clarified that having the same Electors Photo Identity Card (EPIC) number doesn't mean there are duplicate or fake voters. It came after concerns were raised on social media about electors in different states having identical EPIC numbers.

  • About EPIC: Issued under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960 to prevent impersonation in elections. Introduced in 1993 by state governments for registered voters.
  • Nature & Features: An identity document, not a voting right; only electors listed in the electoral roll can vote.

o Contains: Name, age, residence, photograph of the elector.

o Facsimile signature of the registration officer.

  • Unique EPIC Number: As per the EC’s Manual on Electoral Rolls, 2023, every EPIC has a unique alphanumeric number (three alphabetical codes + seven-digit number).

o Introduced through ERONET portal (2017) for online generation of EPICs.

o A replacement EPIC retains the same number as the original

6. Giloy

Recent data from PubMed, a globally recognized database for biomedical and life sciences research, reveals a 376.5% increase in research publications on Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) over the past decade.

  • About Giloy: Known as Guduchi in Hindi and Amrita in Sanskrit, meaning ‘herb of immortality’ due to its numerous health benefits.

o Widely used in Ayush systems for therapeutic purposes.

  • Botanical Characteristics & Distribution: A large climber with succulent, corky, and grooved stems.

o Found almost throughout India.

o Thrives in all soil types and varying climatic conditions.

  • Propagation: Cultivated through stem cutting in May-June.
  • Uses & Medicinal Benefits: Traditionally used in managing fevers and gouty arthritis.

o Emerging research suggests potential roles in cancer therapy, autoimmune disease management, and inflammatory disorders.


7. Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary

The Archaeological Survey of India’s epigraphical survey in Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, Kadapa district (Andhra Pradesh) has discovered three rock shelters, rock paintings, and 30 inscriptions.

  • About Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary: Situated in Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh.

o Rivers & Water Bodies: Forms the catchment area of the Pennar River.

o The Telugu Ganga Canal flows through the eastern flank, draining into the Pennar River.

  • Vegetation & Forest Types: Southern tropical dry deciduous forest in hills.

o Scrub forest in plains.

o Southern dry mixed deciduous forest.

o Tropical thorn forest & Tropical dry evergreen forest.

  • Flora: Home to rare and endangered species like Red sanders and Sandalwood.

o Rich riparian vegetation includes Terminalia spp., Syzygium spp. (Jamun), Wild mangoes, Anogeissus latifolia, Phoenix spp., Bamboo, Hardwickia binata, etc.

  • Fauna: Species include Common toad, Bullfrog, Common Indian skink, Green vine snake, etc.

o The only home for the rare and endangered bird – Jerdon’s courser.



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