theIASHub | 03 Jun, 2025 | 6
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BharatGen : Recently, BharatGen, India’s first indigenously developed, government-funded AI-based Multimodal Large Language Model (LLM) for Indian languages, was launched at the BharatGen Summit 2025.
o The launch marks a key step towards technological self-reliance and inclusive digital innovation.
o Led by IIT Bombay under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), the project brings together top institutions like IITs and IIM Indore.
o A strong focus is placed on developing processes to gather and utilize India-specific datasets, ensuring sovereign control over digital resources.
o Features: Multilingual & Multimodal Capabilities
ü Training on Bhartiya Datasets
ü Open-Source Development
ü A Thriving Generative AI Research Ecosystem
o They can perform a wide range of language tasks such as text generation, classification, and answering questions by recognizing complex patterns and structures in language.
Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI): Recently, in a significant push to boost India’s electric vehicle (EV) goals, the Centre officially notified new guidelines under the Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Electric Passenger Cars in India (SPMEPCI).
o Minimum investment of ₹4,150 crore within 3 years required to qualify.
o Domestic Value Addition (DVA) targets: 25% in 3 years, 50% in 5 years.
o Duty concession capped at ₹6,484 crore or actual investment, whichever is lower.
o Eligible companies need ₹10K crore in global automotive revenue & ₹3K crore in fixed assets.
o Launched in March 2024(officially notified in June 2025)
o Nodal Ministry: Mo Heavy Industries (MHI) & implemented by Project Management Agency (PMA).
o Objectives: Attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in electric vehicles (EVs).
ü Establish India as a global EV manufacturing hub.
ü Generate employment, promote clean technology, and enhance self-reliance in the EV sector.
ü Reduce crude oil import dependence and support climate goals, including net zero by 2070.
Technology for Resilient, Open and Unified Security and Trust (TRUST) framework: Recently, the U.S.-India partnership under the Technology for Resilient, Open and Unified Security and Trust (TRUST) framework has aimed to position India as a net security provider in the Indo-Pacific by strengthening digital infrastructure and safeguarding it against geopolitical risks.
o Subsea cable infrastructure has emerged as a key area of this collaboration.
o The initiative aims to simplify regulations & ease export controls to promote innovation and trade.
o The partnership focuses on expanding collaboration in advanced technology sectors.
o The initiative moves forward from the Minerals Security Finance Network (MSFN) under the MSP.
ü It sought to bring together development finance institutions (DFIs) and export credit agencies (ECAs) from the participating nations to “create synergies and increase impact”.
India joined the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) in 2023. The MSP is a US-led collaboration of 14 countries that aims to catalyse public and private investment in critical minerals supply chains. Members - US, India, Australia, Canada, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Sweden, the UK, and EU.
Japan’s AI law : Recently, Japan enacted the Act on the Promotion of Research, Development, and Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence-Related Technologies, marking a major shift in its AI policy framework.
o This law is different from the dominant regulatory approaches shaping the global AI landscape.
o It focuses on a pivot toward coordination, and voluntary responsibility rather than the European Union’s risk-based regimes.
o It avoids rigid risk classifications and binding obligations like those in the European Union’s AI Act.
o The government issues guidelines aligned with international norms to prevent AI misuse, privacy violations, and intellectual property breaches, without enforcing hard rules.
o Japan commits to active participation in global AI governance initiatives such as the G7 Hiroshima Process, OECD, and UN AI advisory body.
o The law is flexible, allowing future amendments to adapt to evolving AI technologies and standards.
o The approach aims to foster economic growth and technological leadership through a trust-based, innovation-first ecosystem.
SHUKR Gene : Recently, the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) discovered a gene named SHUKR (meaning “sperm” in several Indian languages) in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana a model flowering plant.
o The CCMB team uncovered clues to Darwin’s “abominable mystery” through this common plant.
o It functions during the sporophyte stage, aiding the production of healthy and viable pollen necessary for plant reproduction.
o When SHUKR is absent or nonfunctional, plants produce poor-quality pollen, leading to reduced or failed reproduction.
o The gene regulates F-box genes that help remove old proteins and replace them with new ones, supporting proper pollen growth.
o SHUKR and related F-box genes evolve rapidly, helping plants adapt to environmental stresses like heat, cold, and drought.
o Originating around 125 million years ago in eudicots, SHUKR is present in most flowering plants today.
o Its discovery reveals a close connection between pollen formation and the overall plant development, revising previous assumptions of separation.
o Given that climate change causes heat-related damage to pollen, SHUKR holds potential for breeding crops resilient to such stresses.
o The SHUKR gene discovery offers a genetic reason for this rapid adaptation and reproduction in flowering plants.
Mount Etna: Recently, Sicily’s iconic Mount Etna erupted dramatically, releasing a massive plume of smoke and ash soaring several kilometers into the sky.
o An active stratovolcano with a classic cone shape formed by layers of lava, ash, and volcanic rock.
o Europe’s tallest active volcano, rising about 3,329 meters (10,922 feet) above sea level.
o One of the world’s most active volcanoes, with eruptions recorded since around 1500 BCE.
o Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013 for its geological importance and natural beauty.
o Features five main craters and multiple vents on its slopes that fuel eruptions.
o Built from alternating layers of lava and ash.
o Contain viscous magma with trapped gases, leading to explosive eruptions.
o Commonly found at tectonic plate boundaries, where oceanic plates subduct beneath continental plates.
o Magma rises through cracks caused by subduction, resulting in eruptions.
o Make up about 60% of the world's individual volcanoes and around 85% are located along the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire."
Trends -Artificial Intelligence Report: Recently, renowned venture capitalist Mary Meeker, known as the “Queen of the Internet,” released her latest trends report titled “Trends — Artificial Intelligence,” focusing exclusively on developments in AI.
o While user adoption is high and usage costs are falling, monetization remains low, with average revenue per user at just $23.
o Key risks include hallucinations, algorithmic bias, misinformation, and inadequate regulation, highlighting the urgent need for ethical safeguards.
o India has emerged as a major AI user base—second-largest for ChatGPT and third-largest for China’s DeepSeek AI.
o A global divide is emerging between closed-source AI models (like GPT-4) and open-source models, shaping access, innovation, and control.
Transgender's Rights: Recently, in a landmark move for gender inclusivity, the Kerala High Court directed the Kozhikode Corporation to reissue a child’s birth certificate, recognizing the transgender couple as the child’s parents.
o To list both transgender petitioners simply as "Parents," without specifying their gender.
o Election Commission's Directive (2009): Registration forms updated to include an "others" option.
o National Legal Services Authority vs. UOI case (2014): SC recognized transgender people as the "Third Gender," emphasizing it as a human rights issue.
o Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019: Enacted to protect transgender rights.
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