theIASHub | 03 Feb, 2025 | 5
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1.Right to die with dignity: Karnataka Health Department has recently issued an order enforcing the Supreme Court's ruling on patients' right to die with dignity.
o The state has introduced an Advance Medical Directive (AMD) or living will, allowing patients to record their wishes regarding future medical treatment.
o Beneficiaries: This will benefit terminally ill patients, those in a persistent vegetative state, and those not benefiting from life-sustaining treatments, planning for euthanasia.
o Passive Euthanasia: It involves withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment but has led to public confusion. In India, active euthanasia is a crime.
ü Supreme Court Ruling (2018): A five-Judge Bench ruled that the right to die with dignity is a fundamental right (Common Cause v Union of India Case).
ü It said that a terminally ill person can opt for passive euthanasia and execute a living will to refuse medical treatment.
o Active Euthanasia: In India, active euthanasia is a crime.
2.Difference in Citizenship laws in India & US: Recently, U.S. President issued an executive order stating that U.S. citizenship will be granted in the future only to children with parents holding U.S. citizenship or a U.S. green card.
o Jus Soli (Right of Soil): Citizenship based on the place of birth, regardless of parents’ citizenship. Practiced in many North and Latin American countries (e.g., Canada, Mexico, Brazil).
o Jus Sanguinis (Right of Blood): Citizenship based on the parents' citizenship. Practiced in
o- countries like Egypt, South Africa, Germany, and India.
o Pre-1987: Followed jus soli, granting automatic citizenship to children born in India.
o Post-1987: Required at least one parent to be an Indian citizen.
o Post-2004: Both parents must be citizens, or one parent must be a citizen with the other not an illegal immigrant.
o Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 (CAA): Accelerates citizenship for Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, Christians, and Parsis from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh (before December 31, 2014).
3.Congo: Rwandan-backed M23 rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo entered Goma (capital of North Kivu) and seized the airport.
o Launched the current rebellion in 2022.
o Accuses Congo’s government of failing to integrate Congolese Tutsis into the army and administration.
o Vows to defend Tutsi interests against Hutu militias, especially the FDLR (founded by Hutus who fled after the 1994 Rwanda genocide).
o Bordered by: The Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), Zambia, Angola, the Cabinda exclave of Angola, and the South Atlantic Ocean.
o Congo River: Flows through DRC & Republic of the Congo, Africa’s 2nd longest river.
o Katanga Province: A mineral-rich region in DRC, known for cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds.
o Sahara Desert: World’s largest hot desert, covering North African countries with arid landscapes & extreme temperatures.
o Nile River: World’s longest river, flowing through 11 countries, crucial for ancient civilizations & development.
4.India’s 21st Livestock Census: The Census was started in October 2024 expected to conclude the result by July 2025.
o Conducted by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
o Covers 16 species and 219 breeds of livestock.
o Data Collection: Mobile app with image upload, location tracking, and breed identification.
o Recognizes the livestock sector’s role in nutrition, employment, and income generation.
o Past Trends (2019 Census): Decline in camels (-37.1%), pigs (-12.03%), horses (-45.2%), donkeys (-61.2%).
o Increase in poultry (+16.08%).
o Haryana’s Cow Protection Act (2015, 2019) restricted cattle trade and slaughter.
o Women in Livestock Farming: Over 70% of livestock farmers are women.
5.VSHORAD missile system: Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) has recently successfully conducted three successive flight-trials of Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) from Chandipur off the coast of Odisha.
o Established VSHORADS' unique capability to neutralize drones and other aerial threats.
o Designed to meet requirements of Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.
o It uses sensors to measure physical and electrical data, which is then sent to a central location for analysis.
o It consists of EO sensors viz. Thermal Imager, Day TV and Eye Safe Laser range finder and beam directing optical channels as payloads.
o Continuous target tracking capability facilitates high precision pointing on the target.
o The acronym RADAR stands for Radio Detection and Ranging.
6.Sahbhagita Mission: Union Minister of State for External Affairs, Forest, Environment, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has recently inaugurated the Regional Workshop on Wetland Conservation under Mission Sahbhagita for North Indian States.
o Theme: "Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future."
o Significant due to COP15 (15th Conference of Contracting Parties to the Convention on Wetlands).
o COP15 scheduled for 23-31 July 2025 in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, under the same theme.
o The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar Convention), adopted in 1971.
o UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 75/317 on 30 August 2021, establishing World Wetlands Day as a UN International Day.
o World Wetlands Day 2025 Celebrations in India: At Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, Gonda, UP, is among the largest floodplain wetlands, sheltering over a lakh birds.
7.National Gene Bank: Union Finance Minister, GOI has recently announced the establishment of India’s second National Gene Bank, as part of the Union Budget 2025-26.
o A plant gene is a sequence of DNA in a plant's genome that codes for proteins. These proteins control the plant's basic functions, such as development and responses to environmental factors.
o 12 regional stations across India for collection & storage of crop germplasms (genetic material for research, conservation, and breeding).
o Aim: To ensure future food and nutritional security and support genetic resource conservation in both public and private sectors.
o Major stored categories: Cereals, Millets, Legumes, Oilseeds, & Vegetables.
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