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o Support clean energy transition and growing demand for critical minerals.
o The Centre has identified 30 critical minerals, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, tin, copper, and more.
o Essential for clean energy technologies like wind turbines, electricity networks, EVs, and battery manufacturing.
o Includes copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, rare earth elements, etc.
o Fusion reactions take place in a state of matter called plasma — a hot, charged gas made of positive ions and free-moving electrons with unique properties distinct from solids, liquids or gases.
o1 gram of fusion fuel = energy of 8 tonnes of coal. The uses abundant hydrogen isotopes (deuterium & tritium), emits zero emissions, and generates no nuclear waste.
o Expected to start deuterium-tritium fusion by 2039, generating 500 MW.
The government recently approved the introduction of a new credit guarantee scheme for the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) that was announced in the FY25 Budget.
o Loan amount under the scheme cannot exceed ₹100 crore.
o Minimum cost of equipment/machinery must be 75% of the project cost.
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by PM Modi, recently approved revision of ethanol procurement price for Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) for Ethanol Supply Year (ESY) 2024-25 (1st November 2024 – 31st October 2025).
o Allows OMCs to blend ethanol up to 20% in petrol.
o Promotes alternative and eco-friendly fuels while reducing import dependence.
o Boosts agriculture sector by increasing demand for ethanol.
o Foreign exchange savings: ₹1,13,007 crore (as of 31.12.2024).
o Crude oil substitution: 193 lakh metric tonnes.
o Achieved 14.60% blending in ESY 2023-24.
o Future Targets & Initiatives: 20% ethanol blending target advanced from 2030 to ESY 2025-26, and planned 18% blending in ESY 2024-25.
o Long Term Off-take Agreements (LTOAs) for Dedicated Ethanol Plants (DEPs) in ethanol-deficient states.
o E-100 & E-20 fuels introduced; flex-fuel vehicles launched.
The ISRO has recently achieved its 100th successful launch from Sriharikota.
o 11th flight with Indigenous Cryogenic Stage.
o 8th operational flight of GSLV with Indigenous Cryogenic Stage.
About NVS-02 Satellite: One of five replacement satellites for the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NavIC).o Indigenous atomic clock for better accuracy.
o Enabled with L1 frequency, commonly used in US GPS system, improving compatibility with personal trackers.
o Enhances reliability and accessibility of India’s navigation system for civilian and strategic applications.
o NVS-01, launched in May 2023, was the first second-gen NavIC satellite with India’s first indigenous atomic clock.
o Second launch pad was established in 2004, after a decade-long gap.
o Last 10 years witnessed unprecedented expansion in infrastructure and investment in the space sector.
India’s third launch pad is being built in Sriharikota, and a new launch site in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu was inaugurated by PM Modi in February 2023..The Central Government recently announced the structured timeline for compliance with Amendments in labelling provisions under the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Rules, 2011.
o180 days' notice will be provided for smooth transition and compliance adaptation.
o Amendments aim to enhance transparency, ensure accuracy in product information, and empower consumers.
o Mandates clear, legible, and standardized labelling on packaged goods.
Provides consumers with essential product details: Net quantity, MRP, Manufacturing date, Country of origin, and Manufacturer details.7.Recently the tens of thousands of fish have died off Northwestern Australia due to a large and long-lasting marine heatwave.
o The heatwave began in September 2024 with ocean temperatures 3°C higher than usual off Broome.
o More than 90% of heat trapped by greenhouse gases is absorbed by the oceans.
o Fish kill in Karratha is the most visible sign of distress.
o Bleaching observed in Kimberley coral reefs.
o Corals at Ningaloo Reef experiencing heat stress.
o Heatwave affecting the Gascoyne region (Carnarvon-Exmouth), likely spreading further south.
o Currently, 28% of the world’s oceans are experiencing heatwave conditions.
o It amplify many risks, such as health-related or economic risks, including increased human mortality, drought and water quality, wildfire and smoke, power shortages and agricultural losses.
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