theIASHub | 02 Apr, 2025 | 5
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World Economic Forum’s (WEF) Global Risks Report 2025: As per the recent report, India, with nearly 900 million Internet users, faces a high risk of disinformation, which threatens its political stability, economic security, and social cohesion.
o Highlights the impact of AI-generated content, algorithmic biases, and societal divides on truth and information integrity.
o Identifies India’s political disinformation at 46%, followed by general issues (33.6%) and religious content (16.8%).
o In 2015, formally recognized as an international organization, and engages global leaders to promote economic resilience, sustainability, and inclusivity.
o Key Reports Published by WEF: Global Risks Report → Global Competitiveness Report → Global Information Technology Report → Global Gender Gap Report → Global Travel and Tourism Report → Global Enabling Trade Report
o Headquarters: In Geneva, Switzerland.
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) initiative: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has released draft guidelines for incorporating IKS in undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) courses.
o Preserve and disseminate IKS for research and societal applications.
o Engage in spreading India’s rich heritage and traditional knowledge in fields such as Arts, Literature, Agriculture, Basic Sciences, Engineering & Technology, Architecture, Management, and Economics.
Painted lady butterflies: A recent study published in PNAS Nexus explores the migration patterns of Painted Lady Butterflies (Vanessa cardui), revealing that their migratory distances are influenced by environmental conditions rather than genetic differences.
o Capable of thriving in diverse climates, from temperate grasslands to deserts.
o Undertakes one of the longest insect migrations, covering up to 15,000 km in a single migratory cycle.
o Follows a multi-generational migration cycle, with each cycle spanning 8 to 10 generations.
o Unlike birds, no single butterfly completes the full migration; migration is a "family business."
o Migration distance is influenced by environmental factors rather than genetic makeup.
o Butterflies form a single interbreeding population rather than distinct genetic groups.
o Late Summer & Autumn: Offspring migrate south across Spain and Italy back to North Africa. They possess strong thoracic muscles, aiding in high-speed, long-distance flights.
FRAM2 Polar-Orbiting Mission: SpaceX launched FRAM2, a sixth private astronaut mission, on March 31, 2025, from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
o The mission will orbit Earth from pole to pole, a trajectory never traveled by humans before.
o Mission uses Crew Dragon, the only privately built spacecraft routinely flying orbital missions.
o The Crew Dragon capsule will be in a free-flying mission for 3–5 days, conducting 22 research experiments on spaceflight and microgravity effects on the human body.
o Deviation of up to 10° from the North-South trajectory is still classified as a polar orbit.
o Widely used for Earth observation, climate monitoring, and reconnaissance missions.
o FRAM2 is the first human mission to use a polar orbit, marking a major milestone in space exploration.
Exercise INIOCHOS-25: The exercise aims to hone skills, exchange tactical knowledge, and strengthen military ties with 12 other air forces, including those of the US, Israel, and France.
o Designed to simulate modern-day air warfare challenges in realistic combat scenarios.
o IAF contingent: Su-30 MKI fighters & IL-78 and C-17 aircraft for combat support.
o Participating nations and aircraft: France -M-2000 → Israel - G-550 → Italy – Tornado → Montenegro - B-412 → Poland F-16 → Qatar - F-15 → Slovenia - 2 PC-9 → Spain - F-18 → UAE - M-2000/9 → US - F-16, KC-46, KC-135.
Agrivoltaic Project: Uttar Pradesh has become the first state in India to adopt an Agrivoltaic project.
o Allows farmers to produce electricity while growing crops.
o Utilizes photo-voltaic (PV) technology with solar panels installed on agricultural land.
o Presently used in: India, USA, France, UK, and Germany (Still in its initial stages in India)
o Asian Development Bank (ADB) granted USD 0.50 million (~₹4.15 crore) for technical assistance.
o Uttar Pradesh is the first Indian state to receive such financial support from ADB.
o Established: 1966 to promote social & economic development in Asia-Pacific.
o Provides: Loans, technical assistance, grants, and equity investments.
o Headquarters: Manila, Philippines.
o Members: 68 members (49 from Asia-Pacific, 19 from other regions).
CARTOSAT-3: ISRO’s Earth observation satellite (CARTOSAT-3), captured high-resolution images of the destruction caused by a 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Myanmar on March 28, 2025.
oSuccessor to the IRS (Indian Remote Sensing) series with high-resolution imaging capabilities.
o Launched via PSLV-C47 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle).
o National Security & Defense: Military applications: Supports strategic surveillance, border security, and defense planning.
o Previous Uses: Cartosat-2 aided 2016 surgical strikes across LoC.
ü Assisted 2015 Myanmar-Manipur military operations.
o Disaster Management & Urban Planning: Natural Disaster Assessment: Earthquake, flood, and landslide monitoring.
ü Urban & Rural Infrastructure Planning, Coastal Land Use & Regulation Cartography & Remote Sensing, Detection of Natural & Man-Made Changes in geographical features.
Saturn's Moon: Astronomers discovered 128 new moons orbiting Saturn, increasing its total count to 274 moons.
o The new moons are assigned numerical designations and will later be named after Gallic, Norse, and Canadian Inuit gods.
o Most of the moons fall into the Norse cluster, prompting astronomers to find more Viking deities for naming.
o Identified using the “shift and stack” technique, which enhances faint objects by tracking their motion.
o All 128 new moons are irregular moons, potato-shaped objects just a few kilometers across.
o The discovery was made using the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope, with further observations in 2023.
o It has an Earth-like liquid cycle with rivers, lakes, and seas on its surface.
o Larger than Mercury, Titan is the second-largest moon in the solar system, just 2% smaller than Jupiter’s Ganymede.
o Distinctive rings made of ice, rock, and dust.
o Average orbital distance: 1.4 billion km from the Sun.
o Rotation period: 10.7 hours, but it takes 29.5 Earth years to orbit the Sun.
o Moons and rings influence the planet’s gravitational and atmospheric dynamics.
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