theIASHub | 28 Jan, 2025 | 5
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Teesta-3 dam: An expert committee of the Environment Ministry has recently recommended reconstruction of Teesta-3 dam in Sikkim.
o Turns southeast through Sivok Khola pass onto West Bengal plains.
o Previously flowed into Padma River (Ganga), but since 1787 flows eastward, joining Jamuna River near Chilmari (Bangladesh).
o Left-Bank: Lachung Chhu, Chakung Chhu, Dik Chhu, Rani Khola, Rangpo Chhu.
o Right-Bank: Zemu Chhu, Rangyong Chhu, Rangit River.
Lateral Entry Scheme: Govt's lateral entry scheme faces delays due to political opposition and an unresolved legal case.
Piezoelectric Materials: The pressure applied to the piezoelectric material in the lighter generates a spark.
About: The piezoelectric effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.
o Their unique atomic structure is responsible for charge creation.
Organophosphate: Organophosphate, a chemical in pesticides and insecticides, is suspected to be behind the 17 deaths in Baddal village, J&K.
o These chemicals serve as primary components in herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides and have extensive application in manufacturing plastics and solvents.
o Organophosphates can undergo hydrolysis and release alcohol from the ester bond.
o Organophosphates are also the primary constituents of nerve gas.
o They can be toxic and can harm the nervous systems of humans and animals.
Microplastics: A new study has reveled that microplastics can block blood flow in mouse brains, causing cerebral thrombosis and neurobehavioral issues.
About effect of microplastics in Mouse Brain: Immune cells like neutrophils and phagocytes ingest microplastics, leading to blockages in brain blood vessels (cortex area).
o Some blockages cleared, while others persisted for days, causing reduced mobility in mice.
o A 2022 study in Environment International confirmed microplastics in human blood.
o Primary Microplastics: Intentionally manufactured small plastics, such as microbeads used in health and beauty products like cleansers and toothpastes.
o Secondary Microplastics: Result from the breakdown of larger plastic debris into smaller fragments due to environmental factors.
Enhanced Certificate of Origin (eCoO) 2.0 System: The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has recently launched the enhanced Certificate of Origin (eCoO) 2.0 System.
o Multi-user Access: Exporters can authorize multiple users under a single Importer Exporter Code (IEC).
o e-Signing Options: Supports Aadhaar-based e-signing and digital signature tokens for flexibility.
o Integrated Dashboard: Provides access to eCoO services, Free Trade Agreement (FTA) details, trade events, and resources.
o In-lieu Certificate of Origin: Allows exporters to correct previously issued certificates via an online application.
o Formulation and Implementation of Foreign Trade Policy: DGFT formulates and implements the Foreign Trade Policy with the main objective of promoting India's exports.
o Issuance of Authorizations: Issues scrips/authorizations to exporters and monitors their corresponding obligations through a network of 24 regional offices.
Draft Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2025: The Department of Consumer Affairs, GOI, has recently issued the Draft Legal Metrology (Indian Standard Time) Rules, 2025, aimed at synchronizing time across India.
o Mandatory Use of IST: Standard time reference for legal, administrative, and commercial activities.
o Synchronization Protocols: Adoption of NTP and PTP by public institutions and government offices.
o Cybersecurity Measures: Ensure resilience against cyber-attacks/disruptions.
o Exceptions: Allowed for scientific, astronomical, and navigational purposes with prior approval.
o Monitoring and Compliance: Regular audits, penalties for violations.
o Ensure “One Nation, One Time” by standardizing Indian Standard Time (IST) across all sectors.
o Achieve precision in IST dissemination with millisecond to microsecond accuracy.
o Critical sectors: Navigation, telecommunications, banking, power grids, digital governance, scientific research (e.g., deep space navigation, gravitational wave detection).
o Current Challenge: Many TSPs/ISPs rely on foreign time sources like GPS, impacting national security and critical infrastructure operations.
Storm Éowyn: It has unleashed strong and damaging winds over the British Isles, and particularly over Ireland and Scotland.
o Strong Jet Stream: Winds >200 mph over the North Atlantic due to temperature contrast between cold air (eastern US) and warm ocean air.
o Warm Ocean Temperatures: Record-high sea surface temperatures provided energy.
o Cloud Condensation: Deep clouds generated energy, fueling storm intensity.
o Ideal Track: Crossed jet stream from south to north.
o Pressure readings vary based on the storm's formation location.
o Rapid intensification process is called bombogenesis.
Great Irish Potato Famine and Phytophthora Infestans: A new study has found that pathogen responsible for the Great Irish Potato Famine that killed thousands evolved thousands of miles away from the Emerald Isle, in the Andes mountain range of South America.
o The Great Irish Potato Famine (1840s) was caused by Phytophthora infestans.
o Originated in the Andes Mountains, South America, not Ireland.
o Still causes late blight in tomatoes and potatoes worldwide.
o P. infestans spread from South America to North America, then to Ireland.
o Data shows more migrations into and out of South America compared to Mexico.
o Gene flow occurred between the Andes and Mexico, both historically and recently.
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