theIASHub | 28 Feb, 2025 | 5
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Tamil Nadu Chief Minister has recently called for an all-party meeting on March 5 to discuss the delimitation exercise, sparking a national debate.
o It includes determining seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST).
o Constitutional Provisions: Articles 82 and 170 provide for readjustment of seats after each Census.
o Delimitation is conducted by the Delimitation Commission, set up under an Act of Parliament.
o Previous Exercises: Conducted after the 1951, 1961, 1971 and 2002 Census.
o The 42nd Amendment Act (1976) froze the number of seats to encourage population control, extended by the 84th Amendment (2001) till 2026. After 2026, seats will be re-adjusted based on the first Census after 2026.
o Territorial constituencies were redrawn based on the 2001 Census, with another revision due after 2026.
Recently, the Supreme Court stayed a Lokpal order that took cognizance of a corruption complaint against a High Court judge under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.
o The Lokpal Act applies to public servants in and outside India.
o Section 14 of the Act defines public servants, but does not explicitly include judges.
o Section 14(f) states that it includes “any person who is or has been a chairperson or member or officer or employee in any autonomous body established by an Act of Parliament or controlled by the Central Government.”
The Supreme Court ruling in State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan (1951) led to the First Constitutional Amendment, allowing caste-based reservations in higher education.
o The case Srimathi Champakam Dorairajan & Anr. v. The State of Madras became the first to test caste-based reservations under the Constitution.
o The government responded with the First Constitutional Amendment, introducing Article 15(4), which expressly allowed reservations in higher education.
o The government had argued that Article 46 (DPSP) mandated the promotion of SCs, STs, and weaker sections, but the court ruled that unenforceable DPSPs cannot override Fundamental Rights.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has sought India’s assistance under the Hague Service Convention, 1965, to serve summons on Gautam Adani and Sagar Adani in a securities and wire fraud case.
o 84 states are signatories, including India and the U.S.
o Applies when both the sending and receiving states are signatories.
o Each state designates a central authority for processing requests.
o Service via diplomatic or consular channels (except for nationals of the requesting country).
o Service via postal or judicial officers from other states.
o It is the fourth-largest freshwater lake and the fifth-largest lake in the world by surface area.
o It connects to Lake Huron through the Straits of Mackinac, ensuring water level equilibrium between both lakes.
o Major rivers draining into it: Fox-Wolf, Grand, St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, and others.
The mission launched by Intuitive Machines from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center recently.
o The mission will land on Mons Mouton, a mountain at the moon’s South Pole.
o The moon’s South Pole is of interest for its potential ice and rare minerals, seen as crucial for future space exploration.
o IM-2 will deploy NASA instruments to drill three feet into the lunar surface to search for water and carbon dioxide.
o Communication from the moon has traditionally relied on radio waves, requiring a clear line of sight between transmitting and receiving antennas.
o NASA and Nokia partnered to develop a lunar cellular network to support NASA’s Artemis programme, which aims to return astronauts to the moon before 2030.
o In January 2025, Nokia announced the full integration of its Lunar Surface Communication System (LSCS) into Athena.
o LSCS will use 4G/LTE technology, chosen for its reliability, performance, scalability, and future compatibility with 5G.
Union Minister has recently launched the initiative under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW).
o Reduces container operation documents by 33% (from 143 to 96) and bulk cargo documents by 29% (from 150 to 106).
o Launched for FY 2023-24 to enhance efficiency and global competitiveness of India's ports.
o Benchmarks port performance under Bulk (Dry & Liquid) and Container categories.
o Evaluates ports based on cargo handling, turnaround time, berth idle time, container dwell time, and ship berth-day output.
o Supports PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan and National Logistics Policy to drive operational excellence and trade connectivity.
o Operationalizes VTC between India and UAE, aligning with IMEEC.
MP from Kairana, UP, has approached the Supreme Court for the effective implementation of the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991.
o Section 3: Prohibits conversion of a place of worship or any part of it into one belonging to a different religious denomination or class.
o Section 4(2): All pending cases related to the change of religious nature of places of worship on August 15, 1947, shall abate after the Act’s enforcement, and no fresh action can be taken.
o Other exemptions include: Ancient and historical monuments under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recently reported that faecal coliform bacteria levels in Ganga and Yamuna at Prayagraj Sangam are much higher than the safe limit of 2,500 units per 100 ml of water.
o The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is hearing the matter and has sought a report from authorities.
o Types: Includes Escherichia, Klebsiella, and E. coli.
o Air Pollution Control: Empowered under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
o Environmental Protection: Provides technical services under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
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