theIASHub | 24 Jan, 2025 | 4
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Use of Loudspeakers and Right to religion: The Bombay High Court recently directed the Maharashtra government to have an in-built mechanism to control decibel levels in loudspeakers, and said that use of loudspeakers not essential part of religion.
o Article 25 guarantees the freedom of religion to all citizens. It also gives the right to freedom of conscience.
o Introduction: Introduced by the SC in the ‘Shirur Mutt’ case in 1954.
o Court interpretation: The term religion will include those rituals that are integral to a particular religion.
ü The responsibility of determining what is included within the ambit of integral religious practices was left with the courts.
o Important cases and interpretations:
ü Sri Venkataramana Devaru vs State of Mysore case (1958): Estrictions on entry into temples for some sections are not integral practice and are unconstitutional and void.
ü Aishat Shifa v. state of Karnataka (2022): Related to hijab Court allowed hijab in schools & colleges and held that the issue is not only related to religious practices but also freedom of expression (Article 19).
Tuberculosis: According to the World Health Organization’s Global Tuberculosis Report 2024, India continues to lead in the global TB burden (26% of cases) and is also the hub for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) and TB deaths.
Rhodamine B: A recent ban issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2025 further reinforces these restrictions, prohibiting the use of Rhodamine B in any food-related applications due to increasing evidence of its carcinogenic properties.
o Carcinogenic Risk: Due to DNA damage and oxidative stress.
o Vulnerable Groups: Children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
o Skin Reactions: Allergies, redness, pigmentation changes with long-term exposure.
World University Ranking: The Times Higher Education (THE) has recently released the World University Rankings by Subject 2025.
o Top 3: Oxford University, University of Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
o US leads in top 10 placements and overall representation across subjects.
o Trends: China and East Asian nations showing significant rise in global rankings.
o Mission: To be the definitive source of data, insight, and expertise on higher education worldwide.
o Data Foundation: Built on 10 million data points from over 7,000 institutions across 171 countries.
o Rankings: Known for its World University Rankings, which assess university performance on the global stage.
Ad Hoc Judges in High Courts: Recently, the Supreme Court suggested temporarily appointing retired judges on an ad hoc (as required) basis to address the growing backlog of pending criminal cases before several High Courts.
o Hold the jurisdiction, powers, and privileges of an HC judge but are not “deemed” as one.
INS Sarvekshak: The ship recently completed completed final phase of hydrographic survey of Mauritius.
o Equipped with advanced systems: Deep Sea Multi-Beam Echo Sounder, Side Scan Sonars, fully automated digital surveying and processing system, and Carries an integral Chetak helicopter for survey operations.
o Past foreign cooperation surveys: Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Seychelles, Tanzania, and Kenya.
o Aligns with India's vision of SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region).
India’s Deep Ocean Mission: India is set to launch its first human underwater submersible (Deep-Sea Manned Vehicle) this year, according to the Government of India.
o Positions India among the top six nations with deep-sea exploration technology, and developed using 100% indigenous technology.
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