theIASHub | 01 Apr, 2025 | 6
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Green Credit Programme (GCP): Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) launched the Green Credit Programme (GCP) despite the Law Ministry's concerns about its legal validity.
o These credits can be traded on a dedicated exchange, similar to carbon credits.
o The Green Credit Programme (GCP) operates under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
o Individuals, communities, and industries engaged in eco-friendly activities.
o Examples include: Afforestation & reforestation, Water conservation, and Sustainable agri.
o Participants receive tradable Green Credits for their contributions.
o These credits can be sold to industries to fulfill environmental obligations, such as compensatory afforestation.
o Green Credits are traded on a domestic platform, helping industries meet legal environmental requirements.
o Major PSUs participating include: Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd, & NTPC Ltd
Xenotransplantation: Recently, the Chinese researchers successfully transplanted a genetically modified pig liver into a brain-dead human recipient to assess its survival and functionality.
o Ex Vivo Interaction: Includes human cells, tissues, or organs that have had prior contact with non-human animal cells/tissues outside the body.
o Historical Background: Early attempts at human heart xenotransplantation in the 1980s.
o Genetic Modifications: Essential to prevent immune rejection in human recipients.
o Post-Transplant Monitoring: Ensures organ functionality and detects potential immune responses.
o Medical Use: Pig heart valves have been used in human valve replacements for over 50 years.
o Similarity: Anatomical and physiological resemblance to humans makes pigs ideal donors.
o Availability: Pigs are widely farmed, making organs cost-effective and scalable.
o Size Matching: Variety of pig breeds allows organ size customization for human needs.
Arctic Council: Recently, the International observers have raised concerns over rising tensions in the Arctic, warning that unchecked disputes could lead to conflict in the region.
o 2009 U.S. Geological Survey: Arctic holds 13% of undiscovered oil and 30% of untapped natural gas reserves.
o Greenland has rich deposits of rare earth elements, attracting Chinese investment, though some projects were suspended due to environmental and U.S. political concerns.
o Melting sea ice is opening new trade routes, particularly the Northeast Passage along Russia’s Arctic coast: could shorten East Asia-Europe trade by 8,000 km compared to the Suez Canal route, and China seeks access via the Polar Silk Road, but Russia remains cautious.
Vibe coding: Recently, OpenAI introduced "vibe coding," a process where users rely on AI-generated code without focusing on technical details.
o AI coding tools help in tasks like: Building an AI model for language learning → creating an app for reminders → developing a website with video backgrounds → Automating Excel tasks like alphabetizing data.
o Useful for low-risk projects, quick bug fixes, and experimental coding.
o Exposes users to multiple coding languages and methodologies.
o Experts can use it for time-saving in repetitive tasks.
o Ideal for “throwaway” projects, like Karpathy’s basic game and AI assistant.
Exercise Tiger Triumph: The Fourth Edition of Exercise Tiger Triumph, the bilateral India-US Tri-Service Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise, is scheduled on the Eastern Seaboard from 01 to 13 April 2025.
o Harbour Phase (Visakhapatnam, 01-07 April 2025):
o Sea Phase (Off Kakinada): Maritime, Amphibious, and HADR operations with embarked troops.
o Joint Medical Camp by IAF RAMT and US Navy medical team to provide medical aid.
Dolphin Safari: Recently, the Uttar Pradesh government has announced the establishment of a dolphin safari in Varanasi to promote conservation and eco-tourism.
o The Uttar Pradesh government has appointed 'Dolphin Mitras' for the conservation of dolphins in the Ganga River in Varanasi district.
o Recorded in various tributaries of the Ganga river basin, including Ghaghra, Kosi, Gandak, Chambal, Rupnarayan, and Yamuna.
Carbon-dioxide Lasers: A team of U.S. physicists has successfully demonstrated a new technique to detect radioactive materials using carbon-dioxide lasers from a distance.
o Electrons are accelerated to collide with other atoms, releasing more electrons in a chain reaction, known as avalanche breakdown.
o Researchers used a carbon-dioxide laser emitting long-wave infrared radiation at a wavelength of 9.2 micrometres to accelerate the electrons.
o The experiment successfully detected alpha particles from a radioactive source 10 meters away, improving the range by a factor of 10 compared to previous experiments.
o The laser-induced electrons (called seeds) create microplasma balls in the air, generating optical backscatter, which can be amplified for better detection sensitivity.
o Longer wavelengths reduce undesirable ionisation effects that could interfere with detection signals.
World Bipolar Day: It was celebrated on March 30 to raise awareness about bipolar disorder.
o Bipolar disorder is highly heritable- 60-85% of the condition is linked to genetic factors.
o Genetic mechanisms involve multiple genetic variants and their interaction with the environment.
o No single candidate gene or laboratory test exists for mood disorders.
o The circadian system regulates the body’s internal clock, with bipolar disorder showing disturbances in circadian rhythms, including body temperature and melatonin secretion.
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