theIASHub | 16 Jun, 2025 | 22
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Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme(MGNREGS): Recently, the Central government has capped spending under MGNREGS at 60% of the annual allocation for the first half of FY25- 26.
o Objective of the Spending Cap: To regulate cash flow through the MEP/QEP mechanism to prevent early exhaustion of funds and avoid mid-year supplementary allocations.
o Chronic Budget Overruns: Historically, over 70% of the MGNREGS budget gets exhausted by September, prompting supplementary allocations in December, which are usually depleted by January.
o Mounting Pending Dues: In the past five years, year-end pending dues have ranged between ₹15,000 crore and ₹25,000 crore. On average, 20% of the next year’s budget goes toward clearing these dues.
Flue Gas desulphurization (FGD): Recently a committee of expert chaired by Principal Scientific Advisor(PSA) recommended to do away with decade long policy of (FGD).
o It contains: Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, nitrogen oxides (NO & NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), other trace pollutants.
Special Economic Zone (SEZs): Recently Govt relaxes SEZ rules for semiconductor, electronics manufacturing.
o Reduction in Land Requirement: The minimum land requirement slashed from 50 hectares to just 10 hectares.
o Easing of Encumbrance Norms: SEZs no longer need to have “encumbrance-free” land if the land is mortgaged or leased to Central/State governments or their agencies.
o Domestic Sales Permitted: Units in semiconductor and electronics SEZs are now allowed to sell in the Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) after paying applicable duties.
o Revised Net Foreign Exchange (NFE) Calculations: Goods received and supplied on a free-of-cost basis can now be included in NFE calculations and assessed using customs valuation rules.This is particularly helpful for industries like semiconductor manufacturing that often involve high-cost prototypes and design iterations.
AI and biomanufacturing: India play a pivotal role to harness artificial intelligence (AI) for biotechnology innovation through initiatives like the BioE3 Policy and IndiaAI Mission. These reflect a bold vision to position the country as a global leader in AI-driven biomanufacturing and ethical AI development.
o It will scale up efforts in high-performance biomanufacturing with a stated ambition of achieving a US $300 billion bioeconomy by 2030.
o Implementation: Department of Biotechnology (DBT).
o Salient Features:
- It includes innovation-driven support to R&D and entrepreneurship across thematic sectors.
- Through this Policy, the government will delineate an ambitious vision to achieve technology leadership and tackle major challenges with focused mission in six thematic sectors.
United Nation Ocean Conference (UNOC3): Recently, Nations adopt declaration to support implementation of goal to conserve, sustainably use oceans.
State of India’s Environment: Recently, On the occasion of World Environment Day on June 5, the Centre for Science and Environment released its annual report, 'State of India's Environment in Figures 2025'.
o Greenhouse Gas Emission: India’s share of global emissions reached 7.8% in 2023, the highest since 1970 .
o Loss of Forest Cover: 29000 hectare diverted, mostly in Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.
o Toxic heavy metals found in approx 50% of monitored river sites (2022).
o E-waste surged by 147% in 7 years while plastic waste hit 4.14 million tonnes (2022–23).
o Sikkim Leads in organic farming.
Food Planet Prize 2025: Recently, a green fertiliser developed by Sweden's NitroCapt has claimed the 2025 Food Planet Prize.
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