Small Satellite Launch Vehicles (SSLVs)

Small Satellite Launch Vehicles (SSLVs): Recently, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed a Transfer of Technology (ToT) agreement with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to manufacture, Small Satellite Launch Vehicles (SSLVs), representing a major milestone in the India's space sector.

• About SSLVs : Developed by ISRO to cater specifically to the launch of small satellites.

o Designed as a three-stage launch vehicle using solid propulsion.

o Weighs approximately 120 tonnes; measures 34 metres in length and 2 metres in diameter.

o Equipped with a Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) — a liquid propulsion-based final stage used to fine-tune the velocity before satellite insertion into orbit.

o Uses and Advantages: Capable of launching payloads between 10 kg and 500 kg into Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

ü Supports mini, micro, and nano satellites, including those developed by students and private players.

ü Ideal for commercial and on-demand launches, enhancing flexibility for small satellite deployment.

• About ISRO: Began as the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, following the vision of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).

o In 1969, INCOSPAR was restructured into the ISRO to expand and formalise space activities within the DAE framework.

o National Role: ISRO serves as India’s national space agency, and the principal R&D arm of the Department of Space.

o Primary Functions: Conducting space-based operations (e.g., satellites and launch vehicles)

ü Advancing space exploration missions & facilitating international space cooperation