Small Modular Reactor (SMR)

Small Modular Reactor (SMR): Recently, Bihar marked a significant step towards energy self-sufficiency as the Centre approved its first nuclear power plant.

o Announcing the development at a regional energy ministers’ meeting, the Union Power Minister revealed that the project will be based on a Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology.

• About SMR : Compact nuclear reactors designed to produce a maximum of 300 Megawatt electric (MWe), generating approximately 7.2 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) per day.

o In contrast, conventional large-scale nuclear plants produce over 1,000 MWe, with a daily output of around 24 million kWh.

o Key Characteristics: SMRs are engineered to deliver low-carbon electricity efficiently and are defined by three main features:

- Small: Physically much smaller than traditional nuclear reactors.

- Modular: Designed for factory assembly, enabling easier transport and on-site installation.

- Reactors: Operate on the principle of nuclear fission to produce energy through heat.

o Advantages of SMRs: Provide strong non-proliferation and safeguard measures.

o Multi-Purpose Utility: Generate electricity, supply industrial heat, enable district heating

and support hydrogen production