SIPRI REPORT (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Security)

Context: India's nuclear arsenal has grown to 172 warheads this year, edging past Pakistan's 170 warheads. Meanwhile, China maintains a significantly larger stockpile with 500 warheads, including some on high operational alert for the first time, reports SIPRI.

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)

• About: It is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. 
• Established in: 1966
• Vision: SIPRI envisions a world where sources of insecurity are recognized, conflicts are pre-empted or resolved, and peace is enduring.
• Provision of Data and Analysis: SIPRI provides data, analysis, and recommendations sourced from open channels, offering valuable insights into global security trends.
• Target Audience: SIPRI's research serves policymakers, researchers, media, and the general public, contributing to informed decision-making and public discourse.

Key findings of Report

• Launch of Third SSBN: India's third SSBN, currently known as S4, was reportedly launched in November 2021. It represents a significant advancement in India's naval nuclear capabilities.
• SSBN Arighat: It was launched in November 2017 and completed advanced sea trials during 2021-22, showcasing its readiness for operational deployment.
• Strategic Deterrence Assurance: India maintains confidence in its strategic deterrence capabilities, bolstered by advancements such as the Agni-5 ballistic missile.
• Global Pursuit of Capability: SIPRI notes that India, Pakistan, and North Korea are actively pursuing the capability to deploy multiple warheads on ballistic missiles, aligning with major nuclear powers like the US, UK, Russia, France, and China who already possess this capability.