Rhino DNA Index System (RhoDIS)

Rhino DNA Index System (RhoDIS) : Recently, a significant step in rhino conservation and wildlife crime forensics was taken in Assam, where a specialised team began the genetic analysis of rhino horn samples. This initiative is part of the RhoDIS (Rhino DNA Index System) India programme.

• About Indian Rhino : Also called as Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

  o Largest of the three Asian rhino species; among the largest of all rhinos alongside the African white rhino.

  o Physical Features: Recognized by a single black horn (8–25 inches long).

  ü Possesses a grey-brown hide with deep skin folds, giving an armor-plated appearance.

  ü Adult males weigh up to 2,200 kg and measure about 368–380 cm in length and 170–186 cm in height.

  ü Typically solitary, except for females with calves. Males have loosely defended territories.

  o Habitat: Found in India (Assam) and Nepal, especially in the foothills of the Himalayas.

  o Global Rhino Species: Greater One-Horned Rhino – India and Nepal.

  ü White Rhino – Native to northern and southern Africa.

  ü Black Rhino – Native to eastern and southern Africa.

  ü Javan Rhino – Also called Sunda or Lesser One-Horned Rhino.

  ü Sumatran Rhino – Smallest and Critically Endangered.

  • Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Vulnerable

  o CITES: Appendix I

  o Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 (India): Schedule I

  • About RhoDIS : A DNA-based forensic tool to strengthen efforts against rhino poaching.

  o A genetic database will be developed to store and reference these profiles.

  o This system will support investigations and help in the prosecution of suspects involved in wildlife crimes.