HAMPI SITE (Syllabus GS Paper 2 – Art and Culture)

Context: Concerns about the preservation of Hampi, one of India’s largest World Heritage Sites, emerged after a temple pavilion collapsed in the rains, sparking debates on its alleged neglect.

Hampi Site

• About: 
• Established in: 1336 by brothers Harihara-I and Bukka Raya-I of the Sangama dynasty.
• Located in: Tungabhadra basin in Bellary District, Central Karnataka.
• Capital of: Vijayanagar Empire
• Architectural Features: Hampi's temples are renowned for their large dimensions, ornate decoration, and detailed carvings, with many depicting scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• Vittal Temple Complex: It constructed by Krishnadeva Raya (A.D. 1509-30), is a prime example of Vijayanagar Temple Architecture, showcasing intricate designs and carvings.
• Royal Patronage: A significant number of royal structures in Hampi were built under the patronage of Krishnadeva Raya, reflecting the empire's prosperity and architectural prowess.
• UNESCO World Heritage Site: In 1986, Hampi was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site for its cultural and historical significance.
• World Heritage in Danger List: in 1999, Hampi had a scare when UNESCO put the site on the Danger List.

Vijayanagara Empire

• Established in: 1336 by Harihara (Hakka) and his brother Bukka Raya in the Deccan region of southern India.
• Capital City: The empire was named after its capital, Vijayanagara, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage site in modern Karnataka, India.
• Geographical Extent: The empire extended from the Krishna River in the north to the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula.