DENGUE (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Sci and Tech)

Context: Dengue cases have surged in several parts of the country recently, with Karnataka experiencing a sharp increase in the past few days. Kerala and Tamil Nadu are also seeing a rise in cases.

Dengue Cases in Worldwide

• Current Data: As of April 30, 2024, India has recorded 19,447 cases of dengue and 16 deaths according to the National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control.
• Global Dengue Situation: By April 30, 2024, the World Health Organization reported over 7.6 million cases of dengue globally, including 3.4 million confirmed cases, over 16,000 severe cases, and over 3,000 deaths.
• Active Transmission: As of May 30, 2024, dengue transmission was active in 90 countries, with significant underreporting in many endemic regions.
• Underestimated Burden: The WHO highlighted that the true burden of dengue is likely underestimated due to inadequate detection and reporting in some endemic countries.
• Factors Contributing to Dengue Spread

o Monsoon and Urbanization: The onset of monsoon season in at least five countries, including India, has created ideal conditions for Aedes mosquito breeding. Urbanization and population movements also contribute to the increased burden.

o Global Spread: Dengue incidence has dramatically increased, with about half of the world's population at risk. It is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical climates, mainly in urban and semi-urban areas.

Dengue

• About: It is a viral infection transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes species mosquitoes.
• Found: Tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas.
• Symptoms: Usually begin 4–10 days after infection and last for 2–7 days. Symptoms may include: high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, nausea, vomiting, swollen glands and rash.
• Severe Symptoms: severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums or nose, fatigue and restlessness.
• Treatment: There is no specific treatment for dengue.