Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapon testing/Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO)

Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapon testing/Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO): European Union Special Envoy for Space recently highlighted the threats from Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapon testing, Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPOs), and cyber jamming/spoofing in space. It also highlighted India’s role in developing a global framework for responsible behaviour in space.

• About Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Weapon Testing: Debris from ASAT tests poses a major threat to satellites. EU supports a UN ban on destructive ASAT testing.

o India’s ASAT test (March 2019) destroyed a satellite in Low Earth Orbit (~300 km) using a three-stage interceptor.

o Several countries have tested ASATs, increasing space debris. No specific EU-India talks on ASAT yet; focus remains on cooperation.

• About Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO): It involve a spacecraft manoeuvring close to another space object.

o RPOs not inherently problematic, but need regulation.

o India-EU space dialogue planned to frame norms for responsible RPOs.

o Unnotified RPOs by hostile actors near sensitive satellites are a security threat.

o Aim to set international agreements on acceptable space behaviours.

• Other Key Points: Cyber jamming and spoofing are threats to space-based services. Space debris causes safety challenges and risk of accidents.

o Proposed India-EU space dialogue to address regulatory gaps and boost business environment. Upcoming EU Space Act to promote EU coordination, ensure safety and sustainability.