Biomedical waste refers to human and animal anatomical waste, as well as treatment apparatus such as needles, syringes, and other materials utilized in healthcare facilities during treatment and research.

• India generates around 700 TPD of biomedical waste approximately and about 90% is treated, despite the combined treatment capacity available being 1,590 TPD. 20 states in India are still using captive treatment measures and deep pit burials for disposal. 

Challenges Associated With Bio-Medical Waste: Non-Segregation, Increase in Waste

• Non-Segregation: The non-segregation of waste results in the incineration of contaminated plastics producing toxic gases and adding to air pollution.
• Increase in Waste: The rise in residential biomedical waste and its collection without adhering to safety protocols could also trigger a surge in caseload.

• Health of Workers Associated: Without proper scientific management of such waste, it can potentially affect patients and can affect the concerned workers and professionals.
• Municipal Workers at Risk: Many municipal workers have been infected and some have died, likely due to contact with contaminated waste.
• Issue with the Waste Management Rules: Existing legal provisions are designed for hospital-generated biomedical waste, with no guidelines for managing such waste at home or in non-hospital settings.

WAY FORWARD

• Collecting and Categorizing the Waste: After segregation, the waste is collected and categorized into appropriate bins. Different colored bins are used to indicate specific types of waste, aiding in efficient identification and disposal.
• Storing the Waste: Proper storage of BMW is essential to avoid health hazards. Waste must be stored in designated containers for limited periods – less than 8-10 hours in hospitals with around 250 beds and up to 24 hours in nursing homes. 
• Regulatory Compliance: BMW management must adhere to specific regulations, such as Schedule 2 and Schedule 3 of the BMW (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.
• Prevention of Waste Reuse: Segregation and proper disposal practices help prevent the reuse of potentially dangerous items like syringes and needles, thus protecting public health and safety.
• Recycling Goals: Effective BMW management also supports recycling efforts. By segregating plastic and metal waste, recycling processes are facilitated, contributing to environmental sustainability.

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