The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an important body in India that helps stop corruption in government offices and public sector organizations. It ensures that government officials follow the rules and act honestly. It works independently to ensure that government employees and public sector workers follow the law.

Central Vigilance Commission Overview

The Central Vigilance Commission plays a critical role in maintaining the ethical standards of India’s public administration. By promoting transparency, accountability, and integrity, the CVC acts as a watchdog against corruption, ensuring that public resources are used efficiently and fairly.

Check out the article on the National Commission for Women for UPSC Exam.

Establishment of the Central Vigilance Commission

The CVC was created in 1964 by the Government of India to fight corruption. In 2003, it became a legal body through the Central Vigilance Commission Act.

Composition of Central Vigilance Commission

The CVC is a multi-member body comprising:

• Central Vigilance Commissioner – The head of the Commission.
• Two Vigilance Commissioners – Assist the Central Vigilance Commissioner in executing the Commission’s duties.

They are chosen by the President of India, with advice from a committee that includes:

• The Prime Minister (Chairperson)
• The Union Minister of Home Affairs
• The Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha

Tenure of Members of Central Vigilance Commission

The members work for four years or until they turn 65, whichever comes first. Post-retirement employment in the government is prohibited to prevent conflicts of interest.

Removal of Members of Central Vigilance Commission

The President can remove a member if they:

• Become bankrupt
• Are found guilty of a serious crime
• Take another paid job during their term
• Become physically or mentally unfit
• Have financial interests that affect their duties

For serious problems like bad behaviour, the President must consult the Supreme Court before removal.

Salary & Allowances of Members of Central Vigilance Commission

The Central Vigilance Commissioner’s salary is the same as the UPSC Chairman.

• The Vigilance Commissioners’ salaries match UPSC members.
• Their pay and benefits cannot be reduced during their term.

Powers and Functions of the Central Vigilance Commission

The Central Vigilance Commission has broad powers to oversee vigilance administration and ensure integrity in public services. Some of its primary functions include:

• The CVC has the authority to supervise the work of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), particularly in corruption cases.
• It reviews progress reports, provides guidance, and ensures that investigations are conducted fairly.
• The CVC can call for reports, conduct inquiries, and seek explanations from government departments regarding vigilance matters.
• While it cannot directly register criminal cases, it refers matters to the CBI or relevant departments for further investigation.
• It advises the central government and public sector organizations on vigilance-related issues.
• The CVC recommends actions in cases involving disciplinary proceedings against corrupt officials.
• Under the Public Interest Disclosure and Protection of Informers (PIDPI) Resolution, the CVC acts as the authority to receive complaints from whistleblowers.
• It ensures that informers’ identities are protected and investigates complaints against corrupt practices.
• The CVC supervises the vigilance wings of various central government ministries, departments, and public sector enterprises.
• It ensures that Chief Vigilance Officers (CVOs) maintain transparency and actively handle vigilance matters.
• Under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, the CVC coordinates with agencies like the Enforcement Directorate to scrutinize suspicious financial transactions.
• The CVC collaborates with the Lokpal, India’s apex anti-corruption ombudsman, for inquiries into allegations against public officials.

Check out the article on the National Commission for Scheduled Caste here.

Jurisdiction of the Central Vigilance Commission CVC

The Central Vigilance Commission’s jurisdiction primarily covers central government employees and public sector organizations. Its oversight extends to:

• All India Services Officers and Group A officers of the Central Government.
• Senior officials in public sector banks, insurance companies, and financial institutions like RBI, NABARD, and SIDBI.
• Top executives in public sector undertakings (PSUs).
• Managers and above in general insurance companies.
• Officers drawing salaries of ₹8700 or more in central government-controlled societies and local authorities.
• However, the CVC does not have jurisdiction over state government employees or private sector organizations.

Also, Read the National Commission for Backward Classes.

Central Vigilance Commission Act 2003

The Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003, formally established the CVC as a statutory body, clearly outlining its roles, powers, and jurisdiction. This Act ensures that the CVC operates autonomously, enabling it to effectively oversee vigilance activities and combat corruption within government institutions and public sector organizations.

Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2014

This Act safeguards individuals who report corruption. Key features include:

• Protects the identity of whistleblowers.
• Encourages reporting of corruption and misuse of power.
• Allows complaints to be filed with the CVC or other notified bodies.
• Imposes penalties of up to two years in prison and a ₹30,000 fine for false complaints.
• Requires disclosures to be made in good faith with proper documentation.
• Disclosures can be submitted in writing or by email, following prescribed procedures.
• Anonymous disclosures or those with incorrect identities will not be acted upon.
• The Act does not apply to the Special Protection Group.

Are you preparing for UPSC 2025? Join IAShub’s UPSC coaching batches to boost your preparation. Enroll now!

Central Vigilance Commission FAQs