International Epilepsy Day (IED) is observed annually on the second Monday of February, with the aim of raising awareness about epilepsy and encouraging better understanding of the condition worldwide. The day serves as a platform to educate the general public, governments, and medical professionals about the challenges faced by individuals living with epilepsy, as well as the importance of early diagnosis, treatment, and social inclusion.

International Epilepsy Day 2025

In 2025, International Epilepsy Day will be observed on February 10, with a focus on addressing the significant gaps in care and inclusion that people living with epilepsy continue to face. The day is organized by the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), who use this platform to highlight the global efforts needed to improve the lives of individuals with epilepsy. This year, the focus will be on the implementation of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and other Neurological Disorders (2022-2031) or IGAP.

IGAP is a 10-year strategic framework that sets two key global targets aimed at improving the care and rights of people with epilepsy:

• Global Target 5.1: By 2031, service coverage for epilepsy should increase by 50% from current levels (as of 2021).
• Global Target 5.2: By 2031, 80% of countries will have updated their legislation to better protect the human rights of people with epilepsy.

Achieving these goals will ensure that people living with epilepsy have better access to medical care and experience greater social inclusion, allowing them to live fuller, more independent lives.

What is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures. A seizure occurs when there is an abnormal electrical discharge in the brain, leading to temporary disturbances in sensory, motor, or cognitive functions. Seizures can vary in severity, ranging from brief periods of altered consciousness to convulsions and loss of motor control. The exact cause of epilepsy can vary and may include genetic factors, brain injury, infections, or structural abnormalities in the brain.

Epilepsy can arise from a variety of causes, including genetic factors, brain injury, infections, or structural brain abnormalities. There are different types of epilepsy, such as generalized epilepsy (which affects both sides of the brain) and focal epilepsy (which involves specific areas of the brain). While antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are typically used to manage seizures, some individuals may require surgery or other treatments to control their condition.

Epilepsy Symptoms

The primary symptoms of epilepsy are seizures, which can manifest in several forms. Some common types include:

In addition to seizures, people with epilepsy may face side effects from their medication, such as dizziness, fatigue, or changes in mood.

• Generalized Seizures: These seizures affect both sides of the brain and include tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures, absence seizures, and atonic seizures.
• Focal Seizures: These seizures are localized to a specific area of the brain, often leading to unusual sensations, movements, or altered states of consciousness.
• Aura: Many people experience an aura, or a warning sign, before a seizure. Auras can involve strange smells, feelings, or visual disturbances.

Epilepsy Day in India

In India, Epilepsy Day is observed on November 17th each year to raise awareness about epilepsy, focusing on reducing stigma and promoting better care for individuals living with the condition. In India, where around 12 million people are affected by epilepsy, many still face challenges accessing proper care, especially in rural areas. The stigma surrounding epilepsy often delays diagnosis and treatment, making awareness days crucial for fostering understanding, inclusion, and improved healthcare access for those impacted by the condition.

Epilepsy Cases in India

Around 1% of India’s population is affected by epilepsy, with many cases going undiagnosed or untreated. This is particularly common in rural areas, where access to medical care is limited. In these regions, the shortage of trained healthcare professionals and epilepsy care centers often leads people to turn to traditional medicine, which can delay proper diagnosis and treatment. Epilepsy continues to be a major public health issue in India, impacting around 12 million people and contributing significantly to the global burden of the condition. Despite its high prevalence, there remains a lack of awareness, proper care, and treatment facilities, especially in rural areas.

One of the biggest barriers to proper treatment in India is the stigma associated with epilepsy. This social stigma often leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment, with many people not seeking help until their condition worsens. Individuals with epilepsy often face discrimination in various aspects of life, including education, employment, and social interactions.

To tackle these challenges, it is essential to enhance awareness and improve access to healthcare. Key measures include training healthcare professionals, expanding epilepsy care facilities, and addressing social stigma to ensure better outcomes for individuals living with epilepsy in India. Initiatives aimed at raising awareness, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, and implementing policies that promote better care and inclusion are crucial for alleviating the burden of epilepsy in the country. Campaigns such as International Epilepsy Day play a vital role in raising awareness, combating stigma, and advocating for social and legislative changes.

International Epilepsy Day FAQs