Explore the complete list of Indian States and Their Capitals 2025. Learn all about Indian States and Their Capitals 2025 with key facts and updates.
theIAShub | 01 Oct, 2025 | 232411 | 0 |
India is a vast and diverse country, made up of 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own capital city. These capitals serve as the administrative, political, and cultural centers of their regions. They reflect India’s incredible diversity in geography, traditions, languages, and history, making the country one of the most unique federal structures in the world.
From the mighty Himalayas in the north to the lush tropical coasts of the south, every region has a distinct identity. Some capitals are centuries old with deep historical roots, while others are modern cities built to meet today’s governance needs. Together, they highlight how India has grown while preserving its cultural heritage.
Covering an area of 3.3 million sq. km, India is the 7th largest country in the world, stretching from the snow-capped mountains to fertile plains, deserts, and long coastlines of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean. This wide range of landscapes not only shapes the country’s climate but also influences the lifestyles, festivals, and economies of its people.
Also Read: Major Rivers in India
Understanding the States and Capitals of India in 2025 is important for students, travelers, and anyone who wishes to know how India functions as a federal nation, where responsibilities are shared between the central government and state administrations.
This article presents a clear and updated list of Indian States and Their Capitals 2025, along with their formation dates, languages, and key facts useful for anyone studying India’s geography and governance.
Also Read: First IAS Officer of India
India has 28 states and 8 Union Territories, each with its designated capital. Rajasthan’s vast desert and geographical expanse make it the largest state, while Goa’s compact coastal area makes it the smallest. Mumbai is the largest city by population, and Gangtok, being in a hilly region with limited urban sprawl, is the smallest. Below is a concise overview of the Indian states and their capitals in 2025.
| Indian States and their Capitals 2025 Overview | |
| Aspects | Details |
| Largest indian state Capital (Population) 2025 | Mumbai (Maharashtra) |
| Smallest Indian State Capital (Population) 2025 | Gangtok (Sikkim) |
| Largest State of India (Area) | Rajasthan |
| Smallest State of India (Area) | Goa |
India is a vast nation with extraordinary cultural and geographical variety. As of 2025, it consists of 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own distinct capital. These capitals are more than just administrative centers — they’re cultural hubs, economic drivers, and historical landmarks. Understanding Indian States and Their Capitals 2025 isn’t just about memorizing names for exams — it’s about appreciating how India works, grows, and governs itself.
|
S.No. |
State | Capital |
Date of Formation |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | Amaravati | 1 November 1956 |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar | 20 February 1987 |
| 3 | Assam | Dispur | 1950 |
| 4 | Bihar | Patna | 1950 |
| 5 | Chhattisgarh | Raipur | 1 November 2000 |
| 6 | Goa | Panaji | 30 May 1987 |
| 7 | Gujarat | Gandhinagar | 1 May 1960 |
| 8 | Haryana | Chandigarh | 1 November 1966 |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | 25 January 1971 |
| 10 | Jharkhand | Ranchi | 15 November 2000 |
| 11 | Karnataka | Bengaluru | 1 November 1956 |
| 12 | Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram | 1 November 1956 |
| 13 | Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal | 1 November 1956 |
| 14 | Maharashtra | Mumbai | 1 May 1960 |
| 15 | Manipur | Imphal | 21 January 1972 |
| 16 | Meghalaya | Shillong | 21 January 1972 |
| 17 | Mizoram | Aizawl | 20 February 1987 |
| 18 | Nagaland | Kohima | 1 December 1963 |
| 19 | Odisha | Bhubaneswar | 1950 |
| 20 | Punjab | Chandigarh | 1 November 1966 |
| 21 | Rajasthan | Jaipur | 30 March 1949 |
| 22 | Sikkim | Gangtok | 16 May 1975 |
| 23 | Tamil Nadu | Chennai | 1 November 1956 |
| 24 | Telangana | Hyderabad | 2 June 2014 |
| 25 | Tripura | Agartala | 21 January 1972 |
| 26 | Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow | 24 January 1950 |
| 27 | Uttarakhand | Dehradun | 9 November 2000 |
| 28 | West Bengal | Kolkata | 1950 |
India’s 8 union territories are directly governed by the central government, though some have legislative powers. Here’s a snapshot:
|
Union Territory |
Capital |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Port Blair |
| Chandigarh | Chandigarh |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | Daman |
| Delhi | New Delhi |
| Jammu and Kashmir | Srinagar (Summer), Jammu (Winter) |
| Lakshadweep | Kavaratti |
| Puducherry | Pondicherry |
| Ladakh | Leh |
This section traces major political reorganizations:
UPSC often frames questions around timelines, reasons behind these moves, or the constitutional articles invoked (like Article 3 for state reorganization).
Also Read: Tiger Reserves in India
Understanding the distinction is vital for Polity and Constitution topics in UPSC.
|
Feature |
States |
Union Territories |
| Administrative Head | Governor | Lieutenant Governor / Administrator |
| Governance | Elected state government | Central government-appointed body |
| Powers | Federal (shared with Centre) | Unitary (direct Centre control) |
Language often forms the basis of cultural and state identity. Here’s a look at different states and their language:
|
State |
Official Language(s) |
| Andhra Pradesh | Telugu |
| Arunachal Pradesh | English |
| Assam | Assamese |
| Bihar | Hindi |
| Chhattisgarh | Hindi |
| Goa | Konkani |
| Gujarat | Gujarati |
| Haryana | Hindi |
| Himachal Pradesh | Hindi |
| Jharkhand | Hindi |
| Karnataka | Kannada |
| Kerala | Malayalam |
| Madhya Pradesh | Hindi |
| Maharashtra | Marathi |
| Manipur | Meitei (Manipuri) |
| Meghalaya | English |
| Mizoram | Mizo |
| Nagaland | English |
| Odisha | Odia |
| Punjab | Punjabi |
| Rajasthan | Hindi |
| Sikkim | English, Nepali |
| Tamil Nadu | Tamil |
| Telangana | Telugu |
| Tripura | Bengali, Kokborok |
| Uttar Pradesh | Hindi |
| Uttarakhand | Hindi |
| West Bengal | Bengali |
Check below for the different languages spoken in the Union Territories of India:
|
Union Territory |
Language(s) |
| Andaman & Nicobar | Hindi, English |
| Chandigarh | Punjabi, Hindi |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli + Daman & Diu | Gujarati, Hindi |
| Delhi | Hindi, English |
| Jammu & Kashmir | Hindi, Urdu, English |
| Lakshadweep | Malayalam, English |
| Puducherry | Tamil, Telugu, English |
| Ladakh | Ladakhi, Hindi, English |
India is a land of diversity, not just in culture and geography but also in the way it connects with its neighbors. The country shares its boundaries with seven nations — Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Afghanistan. Together, these borders stretch over 15,200 kilometers, making India one of the most strategically located countries in Asia.
Also Read: National Parks in India
Knowing about the Indian states that share international borders is important for students, travelers, and anyone interested in India’s geography and politics. Let’s explore state by state.
India’s border with Pakistan is one of its most sensitive and significant. It runs through:
The India-China border passes through tough mountain terrain and is vital from a defense point of view:
The open border with Nepal allows cultural and trade exchanges. Five Indian states share this boundary:
Peaceful and scenic, the India-Bhutan border runs through:
This is India’s longest international boundary and is vital for trade and cultural links:
India’s gateway to Southeast Asia, this border passes through:
Though currently under Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), Ladakh shares a boundary with Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor.
From the snowy Himalayas of Ladakh to the lush green hills of the Northeast, India’s international borders touch almost every kind of landscape. These states not only secure India’s boundaries but also strengthen its cultural, trade, and diplomatic ties with neighboring countries.
If you’re preparing for competitive exams or simply curious about Indian geography, knowing the Indian states sharing borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Afghanistan will give you a deeper understanding of India’s federal and strategic structure.
India’s states and union territories are diverse in every way—language, history, landscape, culture, and economic development. It’s important for a quick sense of what each region brings to the table, whether it’s a natural wonder, a historic legacy, or a cultural tradition.
Capital: Amaravati
Andhra Pradesh sits on the southeastern coast of India. It was one of the original states formed after independence and later bifurcated to create Telangana in 2014. The state is known for its classical dance form Kuchipudi, major pilgrimage destinations like Tirupati, and rich Telugu literature. Amaravati, the new capital, is under development to serve as a smart city and administrative hub.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 1956 |
| State Language | Telugu |
| State Animal | Blackbuck |
| Geographical Area | 162,968 sq. km |
| Population | ~49 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 25 |
| Current CM (2025) | N. Chandrababu Naidu |
| Major Rivers | Krishna, Godavari |
| National Parks | Sri Venkateswara NP, Papikonda NP |
| State Dance | Kuchipudi |
| Famous For | Tirupati Temple, spicy cuisine, Amaravati’s development |
Capital: Itanagar
Arunachal Pradesh lies in the northeastern tip of India and shares international borders with Bhutan, China, and Myanmar. Known as the “Land of the Dawn-Lit Mountains,” it’s home to over 26 major tribes and numerous sub-tribes. Its natural beauty, snow-capped peaks, and Buddhist monasteries make it one of India’s most scenic states.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 20 February 1987 |
| State Language | English |
| State Animal | Mithun (Gayal) |
| Geographical Area | 83,743 sq. km |
| Population | ~1.6 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 2 |
| Current CM (2025) | Pema Khandu |
| Major Rivers | Siang, Subansiri, Kameng |
| National Parks | Namdapha NP, Mouling NP |
| Famous For | Tawang Monastery, tribal festivals, wildlife |
Capital: Dispur
Assam is the gateway to the Northeast, famous for its lush tea gardens, Kaziranga National Park, and the Brahmaputra River. Dispur, a locality within Guwahati, serves as its capital. The state has a vibrant mix of Assamese, Bengali, and tribal cultures.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1950 |
| State Language | Assamese |
| State Animal | One-horned Rhinoceros |
| Geographical Area | 78,438 sq. km |
| Population | ~35 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 14 |
| Current CM (2025) | Himanta Biswa Sarma |
| Major Rivers | Brahmaputra, Barak |
| National Parks | Kaziranga, Manas, Orang, Nameri NP |
| Famous For | Tea estates, Bihu festival, wildlife tourism |
Capital: Patna
Bihar, in eastern India, is one of the oldest inhabited places in the world. The region has strong historical and spiritual significance — it was the cradle of ancient universities like Nalanda and Vikramshila and the birthplace of Buddhism and Jainism. Patna, situated on the banks of the Ganges, has served as the capital of several Indian dynasties.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 26 January 1950 |
| State Language | Hindi |
| State Animal | Gaur |
| Geographical Area | 94,163 sq. km |
| Population | ~124 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 40 |
| Current CM (2025) | Nitish Kumar |
| Major Rivers | Ganga, Kosi, Gandak, Son |
| National Parks | Valmiki NP |
| Famous For | Bodh Gaya, Nalanda ruins, Chhath Puja |
Capital: Raipur
Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh in 2000. The state is rich in minerals and forests, with nearly 44% of its land covered by greenery. Known for its tribal population and waterfalls, it’s often referred to as the “Rice Bowl of India.”
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 2000 |
| State Language | Hindi, Chhattisgarhi |
| State Animal | Wild Buffalo |
| Geographical Area | 135,191 sq. km |
| Population | ~29 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 11 |
| Current CM (2025) | Vishnu Deo Sai |
| Major Rivers | Mahanadi, Indravati, Hasdeo, Arpa |
| National Parks | Indravati, Kanger Ghati, Guru Ghasidas NP |
| Famous For | Bastar Dussehra, Chitrakote Waterfall |
Capital: Panaji
Goa, India’s smallest state by area, is best known for its beaches, Portuguese heritage, and lively tourism. Despite its size, it has one of the highest per capita incomes and literacy rates in the country. Panaji, the laid-back capital, sits on the banks of the Mandovi River.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 30 May 1987 |
| State Language | Konkani |
| State Animal | Gaur (Indian Bison) |
| Geographical Area | 3,702 sq. km |
| Population | ~1.6 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 2 |
| Current CM (2025) | Pramod Sawant |
| Major Rivers | Mandovi, Zuari, Chapora |
| National Parks | Bhagwan Mahavir NP, Mollem NP |
| Famous For | Beaches, churches, nightlife, seafood |
Capital: Gandhinagar
Gujarat is a western state with a rich heritage of trade, culture, and entrepreneurship. It was home to the Indus Valley Civilization and the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhinagar, its capital, is one of India’s few planned cities and houses the Akshardham Temple complex.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 May 1960 |
| State Language | Gujarati |
| State Animal | Asiatic Lion |
| Geographical Area | 196,024 sq. km |
| Population | ~70 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 26 |
| Current CM (2025) | Bhu
pendra Patel |
| Major Rivers | Narmada, Tapi, Sabarmati |
| National Parks | Gir NP, Blackbuck NP, Vansda NP |
| Famous For | Gir lions, Statue of Unity, Rann of Kutch |
Capital: Chandigarh
Haryana, carved out of Punjab in 1966, surrounds Delhi on three sides and plays a crucial role in the National Capital Region (NCR). It’s an agricultural powerhouse and also one of India’s most industrialized states, with hubs like Gurugram and Faridabad. Chandigarh serves as its shared capital with Punjab.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 1966 |
| State Language | Hindi |
| State Animal | Blackbuck |
| Geographical Area | 44,212 sq. km |
| Population | ~29 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 10 |
| Current CM (2025) | Nayab Singh Saini |
| Major Rivers | Yamuna, Ghaggar, Markanda |
| National Parks | Sultanpur NP, Kalesar NP |
| Famous For | Milk production, wrestling, IT hubs |
Capital: Shimla (Summer), Dharamshala (Winter)
Nestled in the Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh is famous for its scenic beauty, hill stations, and apple orchards. It’s a top tourist destination and a hub for adventure sports. The winter capital, Dharamshala, also houses the Tibetan government-in-exile.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 25 January 1971 |
| State Language | Hindi |
| State Animal | Snow Leopard |
| Geographical Area | 55,673 sq. km |
| Population | ~7.3 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 4 |
| Current CM (2025) | Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu |
| Major Rivers | Beas, Sutlej, Ravi |
| National Parks | Great Himalayan NP, Pin Valley NP |
| Famous For | Shimla, Manali, Dalai Lama’s residence |
Capital: Ranchi
Formed in 2000, Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar due to its unique tribal identity and natural resources. It’s rich in minerals like coal and iron ore and home to dense forests and waterfalls. Ranchi, once the summer capital of Bihar, became its capital.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 15 November 2000 |
| State Language | Hindi, regional tribal languages |
| State Animal | Elephant |
| Geographical Area | 79,714 sq. km |
| Population | ~39 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 14 |
| Current CM (2025) | Champai Soren |
| Major Rivers | Subarnarekha, Damodar, Koel |
| National Parks | Betla NP |
| Famous For | Mining, waterfalls, tribal culture |
Capital: Bengaluru
Karnataka lies in the southwest of India and boasts a rich history, thriving tech industry, and diverse geography. Bengaluru is India’s Silicon Valley, while historical sites like Hampi reflect its Vijayanagara-era past.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 1956 |
| State Language | Kannada |
| State Animal | Indian Elephant |
| Geographical Area | 191,791 sq. km |
| Population | ~68 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 28 |
| Current CM (2025) | Siddaramaiah |
| Major Rivers | Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Krishna |
| National Parks | Bandip
ur, Nagarhole, Bannerghatta NP |
| Famous For | IT industry, Mysore Palace, Hampi ruins |
Capital: Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala sits on India’s southwestern coast and is known for its backwaters, lush landscapes, and high human development indicators. It has the highest literacy rate in India and a long tradition of Ayurveda and classical dance.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 1956 |
| State Language | Malayalam |
| State Animal | Indian Elephant |
| Geographical Area | 38,863 sq. km |
| Population | ~35 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 20 |
| Current CM (2025) | Pinarayi Vijayan |
| Major Rivers | Periyar, Bharathapuzha, Pamba |
| National Parks | Periyar NP, Silent Valley NP, Eravikulam NP |
| Famous For | Backwaters, spices, literacy, Kathakali |
Capital: Bhopal
Often referred to as the ‘Heart of India’, Madhya Pradesh is centrally located and rich in wildlife, temples, and heritage sites. It’s known for national parks and ancient cities like Ujjain and Khajuraho.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 1956 |
| State Language | Hindi |
| State Animal | Barasingha (Swamp Deer) |
| Geographical Area | 308,350 sq. km |
| Population | ~85 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 29 |
| Current CM (2025) | Mohan Yadav |
| Major Rivers | Narmada, Chambal, Betwa, Tapti |
| National Parks | Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Satpura, Panna NP |
| Famous For | Temples, tiger reserves, tribal culture |
Capital: Mumbai
India’s wealthiest and second-most populous state, Maharashtra is home to Mumbai—the country’s financial and entertainment capital. It’s also culturally diverse with a deep history, forts, and pilgrim towns.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 May 1960 |
| State Language | Marathi |
| State Animal | Indian Giant Squirrel |
| Geographical Area | 307,713 sq. km |
| Population | ~125 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 48 |
| Current CM (2025) | Eknath Shinde |
| Major Rivers | Godavari, Krishna, Tapi |
| National Parks | Tadoba, Sanjay Gandhi, Pench (shared) |
| Famous For | Mumbai, Bollywood, Ajanta-Ellora caves |
Capital: Imphal
Tucked in the northeast, Manipur is a scenic state rich in culture and traditions. It’s known for the Loktak Lake and classical Manipuri dance.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 21 January 1972 |
| State Language | Meitei (Manipuri) |
| State Animal | Sangai (Brow-antlered Deer) |
| Geographical Area | 22,327 sq. km |
| Population | ~3 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 2 |
| Current CM (2025) | N. Biren Singh |
| Major Rivers | Barak, Imphal |
| National Parks | Keibul Lamjao NP |
| Famous For | Loktak Lake, sports, classical dance |
Capital: Shillong
Known as the “Abode of Clouds,” Meghalaya is a northeastern state famous for its rainfall, caves, and unique matrilineal culture. Shillong, its capital, is often called the ‘Scotland of the East.’
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 21 January 1972 |
| State Language | English, Khasi, Garo |
| State Animal | Clouded Leopard |
| Geographical Area | 22,429 sq. km |
| Population | ~3.5 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 2 |
| Current CM (2025) | Conrad Sangma |
| Major Rivers | Umiam, Simsang |
| National Parks | Nokrek, Balpakram NP |
| Famous For | Cherrapunji, caves, matrilineal tribes |
Capital: Aizawl
Mizoram is one of the most peaceful and green states in India, nestled in the northeastern hills. Known for its hilly terrain, tribal culture, and vibrant festivals, it shares borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 20 February 1987 |
| State Language | Mizo |
| State Animal | Serow (Goat-like Antelope) |
| Geographical Area | 21,081 sq. km |
| Population | ~1.1 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 1 |
| Current CM (2025) | Lalduhoma |
| Major Rivers | Tlawng, Chhimtuipui |
| National Parks | Phawngpui NP |
| Famous For | Hills, bamboo crafts, Chapchar Kut festival |
Capital: Kohima
Nagaland is known for its warrior tribes, colorful festivals, and mountainous landscapes. The Hornbill Festival, celebrated annually, showcases the state’s rich cultural diversity.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 December 1963 |
| State Language | English |
| State Animal | Mithun (Gayal) |
| Geographical Area | 16,579 sq. km |
| Population | ~2.2 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 1 |
| Current CM (2025) | Neiphiu Rio |
| Major Rivers | Doyang, Dikhu |
| National Parks | Intanki NP |
| Famous For | Hornbill Festival, tribal culture |
Capital: Bhubaneswar
Odisha, on the eastern coast of India, is known for its classical dance (Odissi), temples like the Jagannath Temple in Puri, and historical architecture like Konark Sun Temple. It has a rich tribal population and natural biodiversity.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 April 1936 (as Orissa), 1950 as a state |
| State Language | Odia |
| State Animal | Sambar Deer |
| Geographical Area | 155,707 sq. km |
| Population | ~45 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 21 |
| Current CM (2025) | Mohan Charan Majhi |
| Major Rivers | Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani |
| National Parks | Simlipal, Bhitarkanika, Nandankanan Zoo |
| Famous For | Jagannath Yatra, temples, Odissi dance |
Capital: Chandigarh
Punjab, often referred to as the “Land of Five Rivers,” is known for its agricultural productivity, rich Sikh heritage, and vibrant culture. The state has played a central role in India’s independence and green revolution.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 1966 |
| State Language | Punjabi |
| State Animal | Blackbuck |
| Geographical Area | 50,362 sq. km |
| Population | ~30 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 13 |
| Current CM (2025) | Bhagwant Mann |
| Major Rivers | Sutlej, Beas, Ravi |
| National Parks | Harike Wetland, Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Famous For | Golden Temple, Bhangra, agriculture, Sikhism |
Capital: Jaipur
Rajasthan is India’s largest state by area, famous for its desert landscape, royal heritage, and architectural marvels. Cities like Jaipur, Udaipur, and Jaisalmer showcase forts, palaces, and folk traditions.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 30 March 1949 |
| State Language | Hindi |
| State Animal | Chinkara (Indian Gazelle) |
| Geographical Area | 342,239 sq. km |
| Population | ~80 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 25 |
| Current CM (2025) | Bhajan Lal Sharma |
| Major Rivers | Chambal, Banas, Luni |
| National Parks | Ranthambore, Sariska, Desert NP |
| Famous For | Forts, palaces, camel festivals, handicrafts |
Capital: Gangtok
Sikkim is a tiny yet picturesque state in northeast India, known for its mountainous terrain, Buddhist monasteries, and being India’s first organic farming state. It shares borders with Bhutan, Tibet, and Nepal.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 16 May 1975 |
| State Language | Nepali, English, Sikkimese, Lepcha |
| State Animal | Red Panda |
| Geographical Area | 7,096 sq. km |
| Population | ~6.5 lakh |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 1 |
| Current CM (2025) | Prem Singh Tamang |
| Major Rivers | Teesta, Rangeet |
| National Parks | Khangchendzonga NP |
| Famous For | Organic farming, Kanchenjunga, Buddhist sites |
Capital: Chennai
Tamil Nadu is a state deeply rooted in classical art, music, dance, and architecture. With its Dravidian temples, ancient heritage, and industrial strength, it plays a crucial role in India’s economy and culture.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 1 November 1956 |
| State Language | Tamil |
| State Animal | Nilgiri Tahr |
| Geographical Area | 130,058 sq. km |
| Population | ~76 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 39 |
| Current CM (2025) | M. K. Stalin |
| Major Rivers | Kaveri, Vaigai, Palar |
| National Parks | Mudumalai, Guindy, Mukurthi, Gulf of Mannar NP |
| Famous For | Temples, Bharatanatyam, Pongal, auto industry |
Capital: Hyderabad
Formed as the youngest state in India, Telangana has rapidly developed into an IT and business hub. Hyderabad, its capital, is also shared with Andhra Pradesh as a transitional arrangement.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 2 June 2014 |
| State Language | Telugu |
| State Animal | Spotted Deer (Chital) |
| Geographical Area | 112,077 sq. km |
| Population | ~38 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 17 |
| Current CM (2025) | Revanth Reddy |
| Major Rivers | Godavari, Krishna |
| National Parks | Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali |
| Famous For | Charminar, Hyderabad Biryani, IT sector |
Capital: Agartala
Tripura is a culturally rich northeastern state known for bamboo products, tribal traditions, and ancient temples. Despite being landlocked, it shares an extensive border with Bangladesh.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 21 January 1972 |
| State Language | Bengali, Kokborok |
| State Animal | Phayre’s Langur |
| Geographical Area | 10,491 sq. km |
| Population | ~4 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 2 |
| Current CM (2025) | Manik Saha |
| Major Rivers | Gumti, Manu |
| National Parks | Sepahijala, Rajbari NP |
| Famous For | Handicrafts, temples, tribal culture |
Capital: Lucknow
Uttar Pradesh is India’s most populous state and politically significant with the highest number of Lok Sabha seats. It holds deep cultural, religious, and historical importance with cities like Varanasi and Ayodhya.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 24 January 1950 |
| State Language | Hindi |
| State Animal | Swamp Deer (Barasingha) |
| Geographical Area | 243,286 sq. km |
| Population | ~240 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 80 |
| Current CM (2025) | Yogi Adityanath |
| Major Rivers | Ganga, Yamuna, Ghaghara |
| National Parks | Dudhwa NP, Pilibhit Tiger Reserve |
| Famous For | Taj Mahal, Kumbh Mela, temples, politics |
Capital: Dehradun
Uttarakhand is known as the “Land of the Gods” due to its pilgrimage spots like Kedarnath and Badrinath. It’s also home to the Himalayas, sacred rivers, and adventure tourism.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 9 November 2000 |
| State Language | Hindi |
| State Animal | Musk Deer |
| Geographical Area | 53,483 sq. km |
| Population | ~12 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 5 |
| Current CM (2025) | Pushkar Singh Dhami |
| Major Rivers | Ganga, Yamuna, Alaknanda |
| National Parks | Jim Corbett NP, Valley of Flowers |
| Famous For | Char Dham Yatra, hill stations, yoga |
Capital: Kolkata
West Bengal blends colonial charm, cultural depth, and natural beauty. From the Sundarbans to Darjeeling, and from Rabindranath Tagore’s legacy to political movements, this state has shaped India’s modern identity.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| State Formation Date | 26 January 1950 |
| State Language | Bengali |
| State Animal | Fishing Cat |
| Geographical Area | 88,752 sq. km |
| Population | ~100 million |
| Lok Sabha Seats | 42 |
| Current CM (2025) | Mamata Banerjee |
| Major Rivers | Hooghly, Teesta, Ganges |
| National Parks | Sundarbans, Neora Valley, Jaldapara |
| Famous For | Durga Puja, sweets, literature, colonial history |
Union Territories (UTs) are regions governed directly by the central government, though a few—like Delhi and Puducherry—have partial legislative authority. As of 2025, India has eight UTs, each with its own capital and unique administrative setup. This section provides an overview of all 8 UTs, their capitals, and distinguishing features.
Capital: Port Blair
This tropical UT is a group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, known for pristine beaches, coral reefs, and WWII history. It plays a strategic role due to its location near Southeast Asia.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 1 November 1956 |
| Official Languages | Hindi, English |
| State Animal | Dugong (sea cow) |
| Geographical Area | 8,249 sq. km |
| Population | ~4 lakh |
| Administrator (2025) | Admiral D K Joshi (Retd.) |
| Major Rivers | None (island-based freshwater streams) |
| National Parks | Mahatma Gandhi Marine NP, Campbell Bay NP |
| Famous For | Cellular Jail, scuba diving, marine biodiversity |
Capital: Chandigarh
Chandigarh is a well-planned city and serves as the capital for both Punjab and Haryana. Designed by Le Corbusier, it’s known for modernist architecture and administrative efficiency.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 1 November 1966 |
| Official Languages | Hindi, Punjabi |
| State Animal | Indian Grey Mongoose |
| Geographical Area | 114 sq. km |
| Population | ~11 lakh |
| Administrator (2025) | Banwari Lal Purohit |
| Major Rivers | Seasonal rivers like Sukhna Choe |
| National Parks | None, but has Sukhna Lake, Rock Garden |
| Famous For | Urban planning, Capitol Complex, clean city tag |
Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
Capital: Daman
This merged UT is located on the western coast. It has a unique blend of Portuguese heritage and tribal culture, with serene beaches and colonial architecture.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 26 January 2020 (merged) |
| Official Languages | Gujarati, Hindi |
| State Animal | Indian Sloth Bear |
| Geographical Area | 603 sq. km |
| Population | ~6 lakh |
| Administrator (2025) | Praful Khoda Patel |
| Major Rivers | Daman Ganga, Kolak |
| National Parks | No designated NP; protected forest areas |
| Famous For | Portuguese forts, beaches, tribal crafts |
Delhi (National Capital Territory)
Capital: New Delhi
Delhi, India’s capital, is a historic and political hub. It’s home to all branches of the central government and iconic monuments from ancient to modern times.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 1 November 1956 (NCT status in 1992) |
| Official Languages | Hindi, English |
| State Animal | Nilgai |
| Geographical Area | 1,484 sq. km |
| Population | ~3.2 crore |
| CM (2025) | Arvind Kejriwal |
| Major Rivers | Yamuna |
| National Parks | Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Famous For | Red Fort, India Gate, Parliament, metro network |
Capitals: Srinagar (Summer), Jammu (Winter)
This UT came into existence after the revocation of Article 370. Known for natural beauty, pilgrimage sites, and strategic importance, J&K remains in national focus.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 31 October 2019 |
| Official Languages | Urdu, Hindi, English |
| State Animal | Kashmir Stag (Hangul) |
| Geographical Area | ~55,538 sq. km |
| Population | ~1.3 crore |
| Lieutenant Governor | Manoj Sinha |
| Major Rivers | Jhelum, Chenab |
| National Parks | Dachigam NP, Hemis NP |
| Famous For | Dal Lake, Amarnath, Pashmina, saffron |
Capital: Leh
Ladakh, carved out of J&K in 2019, is India’s northernmost UT. With stunning landscapes, Buddhist culture, and high-altitude deserts, it’s a hotspot for adventure and spiritual tourism.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 31 October 2019 |
| Official Languages | Ladakhi, Hindi, English |
| State Animal | Snow Leopard |
| Geographical Area | ~59,146 sq. km |
| Population | ~3 lakh |
| Lieutenant Governor | R.K. Mathur (as of 2025) |
| Major Rivers | Indus, Zanskar |
| National Parks | Hemis NP, Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Famous For | Pangong Lake, monasteries, trekking |
Capital: Kavaratti
India’s smallest UT in terms of area and population, Lakshadweep is a group of coral islands in the Arabian Sea. It’s ecologically fragile but culturally distinct.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 1 November 1956 |
| Official Languages | Malayalam, English |
| State Animal | Butterflyfish |
| Geographical Area | 32 sq. km |
| Population | ~65,000 |
| Administrator (2025) | Praful Khoda Patel |
| Major Rivers | None (island territory) |
| National Parks | Marine biodiversity zones |
| Famous For | Coral reefs, coconut groves, clean beaches |
Capital: Puducherry
Once a French colony, Puducherry still retains its European architecture and spiritual ambience. It consists of scattered coastal enclaves across Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala.
|
Attribute |
Details |
| UT Formation Date | 1 November 1954 |
| Official Languages | Tamil, Telugu, English |
| State Animal | Indian Palm Squirrel |
| Geographical Area | 492 sq. km |
| Population | ~1.5 million |
| CM (2025) | N. Rangasamy |
| Major Rivers | Gingee River, Sankaraparani |
| National Parks | Ousteri Lake (wetland sanctuary) |
| Famous For | Auroville, French quarters, spiritual tourism |
This is a core static GK topic—but the questions aren’t always direct. For example:
Even Art & Culture and Economy sections subtly touch on regional identities—classical dances, economic hubs, or special status states.
This section brings sharp focus to what makes certain states or UTs standout from the exam angle:
|
State/UT |
UPSC-Relevant Highlight |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Shares border with 3 countries; site of Indo-China disputes |
| Sikkim | Only state to integrate via referendum (1975) |
| Kerala | Highest literacy rate, Human Development Index |
| Gujarat | First state formed on linguistic lines (1960) |
| Telangana | India’s newest state |
| Delhi | Centre-State power tussle often in news |
| Ladakh | High-altitude desert, strategic location |
| West Bengal | Home to India’s largest delta (Sundarbans) |
| Rajasthan | Largest state by area |
| Uttar Pradesh | Highest Lok Sabha seat count (80), key political swing state |
Some capitals are more than administrative hubs—they’re engines of GDP and culture:
Several capitals lie close to international borders or sensitive regions:
UPSC may ask about these in Security, International Relations, or Disaster Management.
Understanding India’s states and union territories and their capitals is more than just memorizing a list. It’s about recognizing how the country is structured, how governance is distributed, and how regional identities are shaped. For UPSC aspirants, this is not only basic knowledge but a doorway into Indian Polity, Geography, Current Affairs, and History. Mastering this topic helps build a stronger foundation for both Prelims and Mains, making it easier to navigate related questions with clarity and confidence.
Are you preparing for UPSC 2025? Join IAShub’s UPSC coaching batches to boost your preparation. Enroll now!
Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory, has two capitals—Srinagar (summer) and Jammu (winter). Among states, Maharashtra had two capitals until 2021 (Mumbai and Nagpur during the winter session), but Mumbai remains its primary capital.
Telangana is the newest state in India. It was formed on 2nd June 2014, when it was carved out of Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad serves as its capital.
Certain union territories like Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir (since 2019) have legislative assemblies due to special constitutional provisions allowing limited self-governance, though they remain under central administrative control.
Yes. Questions related to Indian states, their formation, capitals, linguistic identities, and governance structures often appear in Prelims (Geography, Polity) and Mains GS Paper II. It also helps in map-based and current affairs questions.
Refine your answer writing skills and elevate your UPSC preparation with personalized support and expert feedback.
Fill out the form to get started with the program or any other enquiries !
Are you dreaming of becoming an IAS officer? Then, IAShub can be your best guide. It is one of the Best IAS Coaching in Delhi. Many students who want to clear the UPSC exam join IAShub for learning. The institute gives both online and offline classes. Their teachers are experienced and helpful. They easily explain every topic. Students also get notes, tests, and tips to do well in the exam.
IAShub is in Delhi and is trusted by many UPSC students. It offers coaching for every part of the UPSC exam – Prelims, Mains, and Interview. The classes are simple and easy to understand. The teachers are experts and guide students in the right way. IAShub is also known for its helpful notes, test series, and answer-writing practice. IAShub is the best coaching in Delhi and also gives UPSC Online Classes. This helps students from any place in India to learn. The online classes are live and also recorded. So, students can watch them anytime. These classes cover the full UPSC syllabus.
Here are some important services provided by IAShub:
The UPSC Civil Services Exam has three parts:
This exam is tough, but with the right guidance, it becomes easy to manage. Students must study smart and stay regular.
IAShub supports students from the beginning to the end. It gives the right books, tests, and notes. The classes are easy to follow, and the teachers are always ready to help. Students get personal doubt sessions too. The test series and answer checking help students learn where they need to do better. Also, free study materials save time and money.
IAShub also guides students during the final stage – the interview. Experts take mock interviews and give useful tips. This full support makes IAShub one of the best IAS coaching in Delhi.
