Context: Complete lack of comprehension on the complex dynamics of migration has led to failure in understanding the migrant’s plight.
Migration in India:
Types of Migration: Migration is not only inter-state but also intra-state or across international borders.
Reason for migration: for work, livelihoods, marriage, seeking refuge, business and even peace of mind.
Growing number:
As per 2011 Census, the number of internal migrants in India increased by 45% from 2001 to 2011 exceeding the population growth rate of 18% in the same period.
Internal migrants as a percentage of population increased from 30% in 2001 to 37% in 2011.
Necessity: Internal Migration results in a more efficient allocation of human resources to sectors and regions where they are better utilized.
Critique of government steps:
Fear of and loathing for the authority: due to severe lockdowns and the inability of the government to provide quick relief.
Knee Jerk Response: The idea of using the militaryto handle the complex dynamics of migration shows casualness for the value of human life.
The Cynical use of army has often led to ethnic strife (e.g. in the case with Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act)
Way Forward: Four things need to be done
Relearn sustainable economics: emanating from the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, as India still reside in villages and small towns and not cities.
Rebuild rural economy: based on building the households by
Strengthening cottage industries through the Swachch Bharat network, incentivizing rural manufacturers, supplement farm incomes.
Empowering artisans with better skills, design, capacity and technology, access to capital/markets.
Formalize Work from Home and design a Migration Plan.
Re-direct Funding: to States, municipalities and Panchayat representing true democratic decentralisation. Around 20% of the national budget including that of education, health, women and children should be transferred to states.