MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Sci and Tech)

News-CRUX-10     26th July 2024        
QEP Pocket Notes

Context: Researchers have uncovered fossil remains of magnetic particles, known as magnetofossils produced by magnetotactic bacteria, in rock varnish layers in Ladakh, India.


Magnetotactic Bacteria

  • About: These are mostly prokaryotic organisms that arrange themselves along the Earth’s magnetic field.
  • Habitat: These bacteria are found in both freshwater and marine environments.
  • Oxygen Navigation: Historically, it was believed that these bacteria follow the magnetic field to find optimal oxygen concentrations.
  • Iron-Rich Compass: These organisms contain novel structured particles rich in iron, housed in small sacs that function as a compass.
  • Crystal Formation: Magnetotactic bacteria produce tiny crystals of iron-rich minerals, magnetite or greigite, to navigate changing oxygen levels in their habitat.


Highlights of the Research

  • Comparison: Researchers are examining similarities between rock varnish in Ladakh and those observed on Mars by the Perseverance rover.
  • Organic Signatures Detection: Elevated concentrations of oxidized manganese (Mn4+) and carboxylic acid functionalities were identified on the varnish surface, indicating possible organic signatures.
  • Biotic Origin of Magnetic Minerals: The findings suggest that the magnetic minerals in rock varnish are likely biotic in origin.
  • Importance for Space Missions: Detecting biotic signatures in rock varnish enhances the focus on identifying biosignatures on Mars and other celestial bodies.
  • Future Space Exploration: This information is essential for future space missions, including those planned by ISRO and other agencies, aiming to explore Mars and evaluate its habitability.
QEP Pocket Notes