GRAM NYAYALAYAS (Syllabus GS Paper 2 – Polity)

Context: The Supreme Court has sought a full report from States and High Courts on the establishment and functioning of gram nyayalayas, meant to provide affordable and quick justice to rural India and de-clog local courts.

Gram Nyayalayas

• About: The Law Commission of India, in its 114th Report, suggested the establishment of Gram Nyayalayas for providing affordable and quick access to justice to citizens at their doorsteps.
• Legal Framework: These are established under the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008, for speedy and easy access to the justice system in the rural areas of India.
• Composition: The Gram Nyayalayas are presided over by a Nyayadhikari, who has the same power, salary, and benefits as a Judicial Magistrate of First Class.
• Appointment: The Nyayadhikari is appointed by the State Government in consultation with the respective High Court.
• Jurisdiction: It is specified by a notification by the State Government in consultation with the respective High Court.

oGram Nyayalayas have both civil and criminal jurisdiction over offences.

• Mobile Court Function: The Court can function as a mobile court at any place within its jurisdiction after giving wide publicity.
• Acceptance of Evidence: Gram Nyayalayas can accept certain evidence which would otherwise not be acceptable under the Indian Evidence Act.
• Procedure: Gram Nyayalayas can follow special procedures in civil matters deemed just and reasonable in the interest of justice.
• Appeals in Criminal Cases: An appeal in criminal cases shall lie to the Court of Session, to be heard and disposed of within six months from the date of filing.
• Appeals in Civil Cases: An appeal in civil cases shall lie to the District Court, to be heard and disposed of within six months from the date of filing.