FILOBOLETUS MANIPULARIS (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 – Env and Eco)

Context: Recently, scientists discovered the Filoboletus Manipularis, a rare bioluminescent mushroom emitting a bright green glow at night in Western Ghats region in Kerala.

Filoboletus Manipularis 

• About: It belongs to the Mycenaceae Family of Fungi and is notable for its bioluminescent capabilities.
• Structures: This species emits greenish light primarily from its stipe (stem) and pileus (cap), making it visible in dark environments, such as the forest at night.
• Habitat and Ecosystem: The forests of the Western Ghats provide optimal conditions for bioluminescent fungi like Filoboletus Manipularis due to high humidity and low light levels.
• Ecological Role: These fungi are secondary saprophytes in the forest ecosystem, crucial for breaking down plant litter and contributing to nutrient cycling.
• Biochemical Process in Filoboletus Manipularis

oBioluminescence in Filoboletus Manipularis is mediated by a chemical reaction involving luciferin and luciferase, facilitated by oxygen.

oThis bioluminescent trait likely evolved to attract insects for spore dispersal, similar to other bioluminescent organisms such as fireflies and certain marine species.

Bioluminescence

• About: It is the production and emission of light by a living organism. 
• Bioluminescent creatures are found throughout marine habitats, from the ocean surface to the deep seafloor.