ELEPHANTS IN INDIA (Syllabus: GS Paper 3 - Env & Eco)

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Context: The number of elephants in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have seen a slight increase, but have almost halved for Kerala, according to the recently released Elephant Population Estimates jointly conducted by the southern India states.

  • Karnataka’s elephants increased from 6,049 in 2017 to 6,395 in 2023.
  • In Tamil Nadu, there was a rise to 2,961 in 2023 from 2,761 in 2017.
  • In Kerala, the population has dropped from 9,026 to 4,306 in the same period.

Status of Elephants in India

    • India has about 27,000 Asian Elephants, which is the world’s largest population of the species.
    • As per Elephant Census (2017), Karnataka has the highest number of elephants (6,049), followed by Assam (5,719) and Kerala (3,054)
    • More than 60% of the world’s elephant population is in India.
    • The elephant is the Natural Heritage Animal of India.
  • India has the largest number of wild Asian Elephants, estimated at 29,964 according to 2017 census by Project Elephant, i.e., about 60% of the species’ global population.
  • Conservation Status:
  • International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of threatened species:
        • African Forest Elephant- Critically Endangered
        • African Savanna Elephant- Endangered
        • Asian Elephant- Endangered
  • Convention of the Migratory species (CMS): Appendix I
  • Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I


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