7th July - AAJ KA QUALITY ENRICHMENT

KEYWORDS
Essential fabrics of India:

• Meaning: It suggests the important principles and essential values of India’s cultural identity that makes it unique blend of unity in diversity.
• They are Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, tolerance and acceptance, fraternity and brotherhood, democracy and constitutionalism etc.
• Usage: In questions related to India’s culture and tradition, religion and tolerance, democratic values, international collaboration, environmental concerns (mother earth).

Creating a common thread of: 

• Meaning: It refers to establishing a shared connection or finding a unifying element among different ideas, concepts, or people. It involves finding common ground or a common point of interest to foster understanding, collaboration, or cohesion.
• Usage: It can be used to signify Collaboration and can be used in questions related to disaster management, technology and innovation, environmental concerns, cooperative federalism, international collaborations, public-private partnership etc.

Bearers of new idea – Youth: 

• Meaning: Youth as the bearers of new ideas, it signifies that young people play a vital role in generating and championing innovative and transformative concepts.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to Demographic dividend, education and skill development, technological advancements, sustainable approach etc.

From Social Disharmony to Social Cohesion:

• Meaning: Social Disharmony: It is a lack of agreement or people or groups of people in a society.
• Social Cohesion: It refers to the strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a community.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to Indian Society, Regionalism, communalism, secularism, Inter-sate conflicts, Ethics & Human Interface, etc.

CASE STUDIES/ EXAMPLES
Outreach programme to connect youth of Ladakh:

• Julley Ladakh: The Indian Navy has embarked on this multidimensional outreach program dedicated to strengthening the connect with the Union Territory of Ladakh. 
• Aim: To enhance greater participation of the youth from Ladakh in the Defence Services, strengthen nation-building and promote maritime consciousness in the region. 

Internationalization of Indian premier institute IIT Madras: 

• IA Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for setting up of campus of IIT Madras in Zanzibar- Tanzania recently signed between the Ministry of Education (MoE), Govt. of India, IIT Madras and Tanzania.
• This is the first ever IIT campus to be set up outside India. 
• Benefits: It will enhance India’s reputation globally and its diplomatic relationships and expand the international footprint of IIT. 
• It is also likely to enhance the quality of IIT Madras education and research further and will further serve to deepen research collaborations with other top-ranked academic institutions world-wide.

KEY FACTS
Expenditure on R&D and major recipients: 
India’s spending on R&D: About 0.65% of our GDP (0.41% by the public and 0.24% by private funding).
Top three recipients of R&D: Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) > Department of Space (DOS) > Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).



JUDGEMENTS/ COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION
Supreme Court on Internet Shutdown: 

• Anuradha Bhasin Judgement (2020): The Supreme Court has declared access to the Internet a fundamental right. 
• A government cannot deprive citizens of fundamental rights except under certain conditions explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

SC recommendations on sarpanch-patism politics:

• The Supreme Court said that the government, and not the judiciary, should look into the problem of men often wielding the actual power behind elected women who remain “faceless wives and daughters-in-law” in grassroots politics.

DEFINITION
Internationalization of the rupee: 

• Definition: It is a process that involves increasing the use of the rupee in cross-border transactions. 
• It involves promoting the rupee for import and export trade and then other current account transactions followed by its use in capital account transactions 
• De-dollarization: It refers to the replacement of the U.S. dollar with other currencies as the global reserve currency. 

Ordinance:

• Definition: Ordinance is a decree or law promulgated by a national or state government (President or Governor) in certain circumstances which will have the same effect as an Act of Parliament or state legislature. 
• Article 123 and Article 213 of the Constitution of India grants the President and the Governor of a state the law-making powers and promulgate ordinances when either of the two Houses of Parliament or legislative assembly is not in session.

QUOTES
Quote on Failure and new opportunity: “Failure is the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently”.   -  Henry Ford

• Meaning: It reflects the idea that setbacks or failures can serve as valuable learning experiences and opportunities for growth. It suggests that instead of being discouraged by failure, one should embrace it as a chance to start anew with enhanced knowledge and wisdom.