5th September - AAJ KA QUALITY ENRICHMENT

KEYWORDS

• Meaning: It refers to a set of actions and strategies aimed at revitalizing and improving the concept and practice of globalization while also protecting it from various challenges and criticisms. 
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to: Globalization and its relevance at present, Weakening of multipolarity, Reforming multi-national institutions like UNSC, Global platforms like G20 etc.

• Meaning: This keyword implies making significant changes or reforms to the existing systems and structures of international governance. In this context, "the tree" represents the established institutions, agreements, and mechanisms that oversee global affairs and cooperation among countries.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to – Reforming multi-national institutions like UNSC, Global platforms like World bank, WTO, Steps towards climate actions like Paris Agreement etc.

• Meaning: This signifies the key principles that underpin ethical and responsible practices in various fields, including technology, business, government, and data management. 
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to – Good governance, Civil services reforms, Participatory governance, Political reforms, Global governance and multi-lateral institutions etc.

• Meaning: This recognized the link between climate change and women's inequality which is essential for crafting effective climate policies and programs where women-led climate action plays a crucial role in addressing the global climate crisis and creating a more equitable and sustainable future.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to - Climate change and its impacts on women, Women empowerment, climate justice, Paris agreement and global cooperation towards climate change etc.

CASE STUDIES/ EXAMPLES

• Step taken by: Amazon, e-commerce platform.
• Step taken: Amazon will be working with the Centre for Wildlife Studies (CWS) to support communities and conservation efforts in the Western Ghats, which is home to more than 30% of all of India’s wildlife species, including the world’s largest population of wild Asiatic elephants and tigers.

KEY FACTS

• Step taken by: New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC).
• Step taken: NDMC has opened its waste-to-art park at Kautilya Marg for public viewing. Dedicated to the G20 Summit, the park showcases 22 sculptures of national animals and birds of the participating nations, all made of scrap salvaged from construction sites and automobile waste dumps.
• Usage: It can be used in e-waste, waste automobile parts, scrapping policy etc.

• According to International Labour Organization (ILO): 
• In 2030, 2.2% of total working hours worldwide will be lost to high temperatures, a productivity loss equivalent to 80 million full-time jobs. 
• According to United Nations (UN): 
• Across genders, women are considered to be highly vulnerable and disproportionately affected by climate change than men to the impact of climate change. Most (80%) of those displaced by climate-related disasters are women and girls.
• According to estimates: More than 130 million people could be pushed into poverty by 2050 due to climate change risks, natural disasters, and food inflation, impacting women’s inequality.

• According to a NITI Aayog report, in 2019-20, more than 90% of the ethanol produced in the country came from sugarcane, which is also a politically important crop in states such as Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh.
• The National Biofuel Policy 2018 envisages a 2025 target of 20% blending.
• In Brazil: Nearly all cars are required to be able to handle fuel blends with a minimum of 22% ethanol, and the state-owned oil company Petrobras is mandated to buy ethanol and dispense the mix at retail pumps.
• The ethanol mix in petrol in India went up from just about 1.5% in 2013-14 to more than 11% in March 2023.

PM/VP/PRESIDENT SPEECHES

• On role of teachers: Teachers can play the role in shaping the destiny of the country. Highlighting the strength of diversity in the country, he requested the teachers to celebrate the culture and diversity of different parts of the country in their schools.  

JUDGEMENTS/ COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION

• Former Chief Election Commissioner N Gopalaswami and Navin Chawla: Holding simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and state Assemblies was not a big management challenge, though also conducting panchayat and local body polls under ‘one nation, one election’ could be difficult. 

DEFINITION

• Definition: National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) is an Indian government-sponsored fund created in 2015. It is a quasi-sovereign wealth fund (Category-II Alternative Investment Fund) to attract investment from both domestic and international sources for infrastructure projects in various sectors such as transportation, energy, urban development, and more.

• Definition: Secularism is a principle that promotes the separation of religion from the affairs of the state, ensuring that government institutions and policies are not influenced by religious beliefs or institutions. 
• The Indian form of secularism also known as ‘positive secularism’ is where the State plays an enabler role for the exercise of fundamental rights and the religious freedoms of all communities.

QUOTES

• Meaning: The quote suggests a holistic approach to learning and personal development. This approach recognizes that education should not be limited to the acquisition of facts and figures but should also focus on the development of skills, values, and character traits that enable individuals to use their knowledge wisely.