29th July - AAJ KA QUALITY ENRICHMENT
KEYWORDS
Digital sovereignty, a critical aspect of national security:
Success of the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao scheme:
Impact of internet ban:
Prime Minister’s Speech:
Mishra committee (1976) recommendation on Landslide in mountain region:
Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP):
Quote on Act against oppression or injustice: “The only way to deal with an unfree world is to become so absolutely free that your very existence is an act of rebellion” - Albert Camus
Digital sovereignty, a critical aspect of national security:
- Meaning: It refers to a country's ability to govern and control its digital infrastructure, data, and communication networks, ensuring that they are secure, reliable, and not subject to undue influence or control from foreign entities.
- Usage: It can be used in questions related to – Draft data protection law, Digital India, Cyber security, Critical technologies like Big data and AI etc.
- Meaning: India's 3Ds - democracy, demography, and the dividend - underscore some of the country's defining features. Its democratic system provides a platform for diverse voices, while its large and youthful population presents opportunities for economic growth if effectively harnessed and the dividend it can provide to investors.
- Usage: It can be used in questions related to – Opportunity for investors in India, Manufacturing and trade, India@5trillion economy, Bilateral relationship etc.
- Extended use: India’s diversity, diaspora, diplomacy.
- Meaning: This refers to incorporating the principles of Antyodaya into efforts aimed at addressing climate change and its impacts. Antyodaya refers to "upliftment of the last person" or "reaching the last person. It highlights importance of helping poor, under-developed and island countries in climate actions.
- Usage: It can be used in questions related to – Climate actions and international negotiations (e.g. Paris agreement), Climate finance, climate justice etc.
- Meaning: This keyword signifies the transition of India from ‘pharmacy of the world’ to ‘factory or manufacturing hub’ of the world and to gain prominence as a manufacturing and export powerhouse.
- Usage: It can be used in questions related to – Manufacturing and Industrial sector in India, Make in India, India as a developed country by 2047, Investment and trade in India, etc.
Success of the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao scheme:
- It has stirred up collective consciousness towards changing the mindset of the public to acknowledge the rights of the girl child. This is reflected in the improvement of:
- Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB): It has increased by 15 points at National level, from 918 in 2014-15 to 933 in 2022-23 (MH&FW).
- Gross enrolment ratio of girls in the schools at secondary level: It has also increased from 75.50% in 2014-15 to about 80% in 2021-22.
- DISHA (Designing Innovative Solutions for Holistic Access to Justice): Department of Justice is running this scheme under which there is a specific component of Legal Literacy and Legal Awareness Programme through which awareness workshops on various national/local laws, rights, duties, entitlements, grievance redressals etc. are organized.
- Role of colleges and students: In Maharashtra, law colleges have constituted Pro Bono Clubs wherein law students participate and organize legal awareness activities in the villages.
Impact of internet ban:
- With 51 shutdowns and counting in 2023, India is firmly retaining its title as the global leader in internet shutdowns for the sixth year.
- Impacts: The 6-month communication blockade in Kashmir in 2019 left more than 5lakh people unemployed.
- Brooking’s paper estimated that India suffered a loss of about Rs8000 crores due to shutdowns between July 2015 and June 2016.
- Increased devolution of funds:
- 14th Finance Commission: Raised the share of States in the divisible pool of central taxes to 42% from 32%.
- 15th FC: This was revised to 41% when the number of States in India was revised and J&K became a UT.
Prime Minister’s Speech:
- On semi-conductor industry: India is poised to play a central role in the global semiconductor industry. This is India’s time to shine. As India moves forward on the path of reform, new opportunities will be created. India is becoming an excellent conductor for semiconductor
- On investment in India: The questions have transformed over a period of one year from ‘Why invest in India’ to ‘Why not invest in India’. The abundance of opportunities in India of the 21st century and country’s democracy, demography and dividend will double and triple the businesses in India.
- India wants the whole world to benefit from its skill, capacity and capability. This is the right time. Not just for India but the whole world.
Mishra committee (1976) recommendation on Landslide in mountain region:
- Recommendations (Mainly on Joshimath but applies to every hilly areas):
- Imposition of restrictions on heavy construction: Construction should only be allowed after examining the load-bearing capacity of the soil and the stability of the site.
- Advised against cutting trees in the landslide zone.
- Agriculture on the slopes must be avoided.
- Seepage of open rain water must be stopped by the construction of a pucca drainage system.
- Roads should be metalled and without scuppers.
- Water should not be allowed to accumulate in any depression, drains should be constructed to carry it away to safe areas. Etc.
Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP):
- Definition: GRAP is a set of emergency measures that kick in to prevent further deterioration of air quality once it reaches a certain threshold in the Delhi-NCR region.
- It was approved by the Supreme Court in 2016 and notified in 2017, and is incremental in nature and thus, the steps taken are based on the air quality.
- Definition: A rare disease is a health condition of a particularly low prevalence that affects a small number of people compared with other prevalent diseases in the general population.
- WHO defines rare disease as often debilitating lifelong disease or disorder condition with a prevalence of 1 or less, per 1000 population.
Quote on Act against oppression or injustice: “The only way to deal with an unfree world is to become so absolutely free that your very existence is an act of rebellion” - Albert Camus
- Meaning: The quote suggests that in the face of an oppressive or unfree society, true liberation comes from asserting one's individuality and freedom to such an extent that merely existing becomes an act of defiance against the constraints imposed by that society.
- It does not advocate for violence or harmful actions as acts of rebellion but rather emphasizes the power of personal freedom, authenticity, and self-determination in the face of oppressive conditions.
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