25th August - AAJ KA QUALITY ENRICHMENT

KEYWORDS

• Meaning: It refers to a situation where the processes of industrialization and urbanization are not aligned or are progressing at different rates within a society or region, resulting into de-industrialization from urban to rural area.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to: urbanization and industrialization, smart cities, urban unemployment and problem of migration, Make in India, Atmanirbhar bharat, India as a developed economy by 2047 etc.

Technological springboard to quicken industrialization: 

• Meaning: It refers to the use of advanced technologies as a catalyst to accelerate the process of industrialization. This approach leverages cutting-edge innovations to jump-start or expedite the development of industries, economies, and infrastructure.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to  – science & technology, R&D and innovation, space technology, IPR policy, secondary (industrial) sector of the economy, economic reforms and need of critical technologies, Industry 4.0,  etc.

Moving ‘from political won’t to political will’ for Good Governance:

• Meaning: It refers to the shift in mindset and actions of political leaders and decision-makers, where they move away from a lack of willingness or commitment to implementing necessary reforms and policies, towards a strong determination and readiness to address issues related to good governance.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to – political and electoral reforms, political will for public welfare, Government policies and programmes, good governance, Transparency & Accountability and institutional and other measures, etc.

• Meaning: It refers to the shift from complex and rigid bureaucratic processes to streamlined and efficient administrative procedures.
• Usage: It can be used in questions related to - Governance, Transparency and Accountability, E-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; Citizens Charters, Transparency & Accountability and institutional and other measures, Digital India, Participatory governance etc.

CASE STUDIES/ EXAMPLES

• India’s first carbon negative garrison or military formation: 
• Pune-based College of Military Engineering (CME) recently said that with the commissioning of a solar power plant in its premises, it has become India’s first carbon negative garrison or military formation.

• Ministry of Coal have embarked on a concerted mission to achieve extensive afforestation goals through sustained reclamation and afforestation of areas in and around its operating mines. 
• The reclamation activities are being carried out as per well-designed and approved mine closure plans, which carry detailed provisions regarding progressive as well as final mine closure activities.
• Significance: This ambitious initiative not only contributes to enhancing green cover and conserving biodiversity but also constitutes a significant stride towards climate change mitigation through creation of carbon sinks. Carbon sinks absorbs and store carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas responsible for climate change

KEY FACTS

• MSMEs account for 60 to 70% of employment and contribute 50% to the global GDP.
•  In India: The MSME sector contribute 30% to India's GDP, 45% to manufacturing, 40% to exports, and provides employment to over 113 million people, per government data.

PM/VP/PRESIDENT SPEECHES

• On India:  India is seen as a combination of openness, opportunities and options.
• On MSMEs: For us, MSME means - Maximum Support to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. Their empowerment translates to societal empowerment.
• We have been working with our MSME sector to adopt the ethos of ‘Zero Defect’ and ‘Zero Effect’ on the environment. 

JUDGEMENTS/ COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION

• 2017 Judgment: The Supreme Court observed that although Parliament has not enacted any law for the appointment of the CEC and ECs, the appointments of the CECs and ECs so far have been fair and politically neutral.
• 2023 Judgment: The Supreme Court (SC) ruled that CEC and ECs will be appointed by the President of India on the advice of a committee consisting of the Prime Minister, and Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha, and the Chief Justice of India until a law is enacted by Parliament on their appointments.

DEFINITION

• Definition: It refers to an entity emitting less than zero carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) greenhouse gasses, effectively. 

• It means emitting a negative amount of carbon through processes like carbon capture, sequestration and avoidance than the entity contributes to the environment.

Contempt of court:

• Definition: Contempt of court, as a concept seeks to protect judicial institutions from motivated attacks and unwarranted criticism, and as a legal mechanism to punish those who lower its authority. 

• The expression ‘contempt of court’ has not been defined by the Constitution.
• Civil and criminal contempt: The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 defines both civil and criminal contempt.
  

QUOTES

• Meaning: The quote advises someone to gather information and assess the situation before making a decision or taking action.

• It suggests that it's wise to understand the prevailing circumstances, opinions, or trends before fully committing to a course of action. 
• Just as the wind's direction can impact decisions like sailing or flying, understanding the circumstances can greatly influence the success or outcome of a decision. 

• Meaning: The quote underscores the importance of interactive and experiential learning methods. 
• It suggests that learners are more likely to grasp and retain knowledge when they are actively engaged in the learning process rather than just being passive recipients of information.

• Meaning: The quote suggests that our actions and decisions in the present are not only shaped by past events and experiences but are also influenced by our anticipation of future outcomes. 

• It highlights the interconnectedness of time. 
• This idea suggests that our anticipation of future outcomes, possibilities, and expectations can shape our decisions, actions, and perceptions in the present moment.