Samrasta (diversity) and Swavlamban (self-reliance):
Meaning: Samrasta refers to the idea of unity in diversity which emphasizes the need for mutual respect, understanding, and harmony among different communities and individuals. Swavlamban means self-reliance or self-sufficiency. It is a concept that encourages individuals, communities, and nations to develop the ability to fulfill their own needs without being dependent on external sources.
Usage: GS 1 (Society- Indian society and diversity, communalism, regionalism, casteism), GS 2 (Polity & good governance – fraternity, International Relations – Peace & security etc.), GS 3 (Indigenous Manufacturing – Space, defense, renewable energy, Semiconductor etc.; Aatmanirbhar Bharat; Infrastructure, S&T)
Build, inaugurate and neglect (BIN) approach in infrastructure
Meaning: BIN approach in infrastructure refers to a problematic practice where infrastructure projects are hastily constructed, celebrated with a grand inauguration ceremony, and then subsequently neglected in terms of maintenance and long-term sustainability.
Usage: GS 3 (Infrastructure and investment model).
Vision of “Sahakar-se-Samriddhi
Meaning: "Sahakar-se-Samriddhi" is a Hindi phrase that translates to "Prosperity through Cooperation." It reflects a vision that emphasizes the role of cooperative societies in promoting economic growth, social development, and the well-being of communities.
Usage: GS 1: Society (Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism), GS 2: Polity– devolution of powers and finances to local levels, Co-operative federalism, Co-operatives; International relations etc.); GS 3: Economy, Global Value Chains, Internal Security etc.
From Right to Education to Culture of holistic and lifelong learning
Meaning: The transition from the Right to Education to a culture of holistic and lifelong learning recognizes that education is not confined to a specific period or institution. but is a lifelong journey.
It acknowledges the need for education systems to be flexible, inclusive, and responsive to the evolving needs of individuals and society.
Converting dreams into reality: Youths/Women/migrant labour/Street venders, MSMEs etc.
Meaning: Transforming dreams into reality is a process that requires determination, planning, and action.
Usage: GS 1 (Society- Social empowerment, unity, communalism, regionalism & secularism), GS 2 (Polity and good governance, programme implementation, Participatory governance), GS 3 (migrant labour/Street venders, India as Developed Nation by 2047, MSMEs, Infrastructure, $5 Trillion Economy etc.).
Vehicles of transforming the agricultural and rural landscape: PACS/SHGs/Unorganised sector
Meaning: It means addressing the various aspects of agriculture, rural development, and sustainability. PACS/SHGs/Unorganised sector can play a big role in transforming these areas.
Other vehicles of transformation can be: Skill Development, Digital India, Financial Inclusion, etc.
Usage: GS 3 (Rural economy and Agriculture, MSMEs, employment and migration etc.).
New age warfare
Meaning: It refers to the evolving nature of warfare in the modern era, characterized by the increased use of advanced technology, cyber capabilities, information warfare, and unconventional tactics.
Usage: GS 2 (International relations), GS 3 (Internal security, S&T).
Investments to Innovate, Integrate and Sustain
Meaning: Investing in innovation, integration, and sustainability is crucial for any government or organization to stay competitive, improve operational efficiency, and address long-term challenges.
Example: Government has approved the City Investments to Innovate, Integrate and Sustain (CITIIS) 2.0 to promote circular economy in 18 smart cities to be selected through a competition.
Usage: GS 3 (Investment policy, Renewable Energy, S&T and Innovation).
CASE STUDIES/ EXAMPLES
Judiciary as a Tool for Social Change: Steps taken for and against the welfare of LGBTQ+ Community
Steps taken Against: The Ugandan government passed an anti-LGBTQ law.
It imposes life imprisonment for anyone who has been in a consensual same-sex sexual encounter, and the death penalty for ‘aggravated homosexuality’
Steps taken in favour: A Japanese court rejected the ban on same-sex marriage as unconstitutional.
In India: In 2018, Section 377 was struck down, affirming the right to equality and non-discrimination.
Since the inception in July 2015, the cultivated area under irrigation has been increasing by 1% each year.
PMKSY Focus: Expand the cultivated area with assured irrigation, reduce water wastage, & improve water use efficiency
Methods: Jal Sanchay (Water Conservation), Jal Sinchan (Water Irrigation), Per Drop More Crop (Micro-irrigation)
Success Story: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY)
Cancer treatment, emergency care, orthopaedic and urology (kidney-related ailments) top the tertiary care specialties treatment availed by beneficiaries under the PM-JAY) till date.
Approx. 50% of Ayushman card recipients are women.
Decreasing Parliamentary Productivity According to the PRS Legislative Research:
Decline in Parliamentary productivity (Sitting days): From a high of 127 days (1952-1960) to just 64 days in 2011-20.
Time Lost due to Adjournments:
15th Lok Sabha (2009-2014): >50% of time
16th Lok Sabha (2014-2019): 15% of time
Referring bills to parliamentary committees has dropped: from a high of 60% to just 23% in the current Lok Sabha.
Graphene Market:
Usage of Graphene: Power, Electronic, Defense, Aerospace, Automotive, sports, construction sectors etc.
China and Brazil are global leaders in the commercial production of graphene.
India produces about 1/20th compared to China and one-third compared to Brazil.
Leading countries in graphene research: China, the U.S., the U.K., Japan, South Korea, Russia, and Singapore.
Women in AI
According to studies by NASSCOM and the World Economic Forum, women in AI account for 26% of the workforce globally and 28% in India.
PM/VP/PRESIDENT SPEECHES
PM Speech on Youth:
The “Our youth are leading the country’s Amrit Yatra with a vision of developed India.”
JUDGEMENTS/ COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION Puttuswamy judgment on Privacy,
In the Puttaswamy Case, the Supreme Court gave a unanimous judgment upholding the basic right to privacy under the Indian Constitution under Article 21.
DEFINITION National Security
National Security is an all-encompassing term that includes the protection of a nation (its Territory, resources, assets, ideologies, institutions, and interests) and its citizens from a range of multi- dimensional threats.
It includes: Economic and food security, internal and external security, health security, environmental security etc.
Internal security:
Definition: It is concerned with threats and challenges from internal or foreign actors/entities, and has the potential to threaten public order and national security within a nation’s boundary.
Nature-based solutions:
Definition: According to IUCN, Nature-based Solutions are actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously benefiting people and nature.
Engineered Solutions (ES): Engineered solutions, on the other hand, involve designing and constructing human-made systems to solve environmental problems.
These solutions often rely on technological interventions and infrastructure development.
QUOTES
Quote on Contentment and Happiness: “Contentment means to be happy with what we have, who we are, and where we are”.
Meaning: “Contentment involves finding happiness and fulfillment in the present moment rather than constantly yearning for more or comparing ourselves to others”.