1st June - AAJ KA QUALITY ENRICHMENT

KEYWORDS

• Meaning: Samrasta refers to the idea of unity in diversity which emphasizes the need for mutual respect, understanding, and harmony among different communities and individuals.
  Swavlamban means self-reliance or self-sufficiency. It is a concept that encourages individuals, communities, and nations to develop the ability to fulfill their own needs without being dependent on external sources.
• Usage: GS 1 (Society- Indian society and diversity, communalism, regionalism, casteism), GS 2 (Polity & good governance – fraternity, International Relations – Peace & security etc.), GS 3 (Indigenous Manufacturing – Space, defense, renewable energy, Semiconductor etc.; Aatmanirbhar Bharat; Infrastructure, S&T)

• Meaning: BIN approach in infrastructure refers to a problematic practice where infrastructure projects are hastily constructed, celebrated with a grand inauguration ceremony, and then subsequently neglected in terms of maintenance and long-term sustainability. 
• Usage: GS 3 (Infrastructure and investment model).

• Meaning: "Sahakar-se-Samriddhi" is a Hindi phrase that translates to "Prosperity through Cooperation." It reflects a vision that emphasizes the role of cooperative societies in promoting economic growth, social development, and the well-being of communities. 
• Usage: GS 1: Society (Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism), GS 2: Polity– devolution of powers and finances to local levels, Co-operative federalism, Co-operatives; International relations etc.); GS 3: Economy, Global Value Chains, Internal Security etc.

• Meaning: The transition from the Right to Education to a culture of holistic and lifelong learning recognizes that education is not confined to a specific period or institution. but is a lifelong journey. 
• It acknowledges the need for education systems to be flexible, inclusive, and responsive to the evolving needs of individuals and society.
• Usage: GS 2: Education & Skill Development; Adult Literacy, Demographic Dividend, GS 3: Inclusive growth, Silver Economy, R&D ecosystem, Innovation and S&T.

• Meaning: Transforming dreams into reality is a process that requires determination, planning, and action.
• Usage: GS 1 (Society- Social empowerment, unity, communalism, regionalism & secularism), GS 2 (Polity and good governance, programme implementation, Participatory governance), GS 3 (migrant labour/Street venders, India as Developed Nation by 2047, MSMEs, Infrastructure, $5 Trillion Economy etc.).

• Meaning: It means addressing the various aspects of agriculture, rural development, and sustainability. PACS/SHGs/Unorganised sector can play a big role in transforming these areas.
• Other vehicles of transformation can be: Skill Development, Digital India, Financial Inclusion, etc.
• Usage: GS 3 (Rural economy and Agriculture, MSMEs, employment and migration etc.).

• Meaning: It refers to the evolving nature of warfare in the modern era, characterized by the increased use of advanced technology, cyber capabilities, information warfare, and unconventional tactics. 
• Usage: GS 2 (International relations), GS 3 (Internal security, S&T).

• Meaning: Investing in innovation, integration, and sustainability is crucial for any government or organization to stay competitive, improve operational efficiency, and address long-term challenges. 
• Example: Government has approved the City Investments to Innovate, Integrate and Sustain (CITIIS) 2.0 to promote circular economy in 18 smart cities to be selected through a competition.
• Usage: GS 3 (Investment policy, Renewable Energy, S&T and Innovation).

• Steps taken Against: The Ugandan government passed an anti-LGBTQ law.
• It imposes life imprisonment for anyone who has been in a consensual same-sex sexual encounter, and the death penalty for ‘aggravated homosexuality’ 
• Steps taken in favour: A Japanese court rejected the ban on same-sex marriage as unconstitutional.
• In India: In 2018, Section 377 was struck down, affirming the right to equality and non-discrimination. 

• Since the inception in July 2015, the cultivated area under irrigation has been increasing by 1% each year. 
• PMKSY Focus: Expand the cultivated area with assured irrigation, reduce water wastage, & improve water use efficiency
• Methods: Jal Sanchay (Water Conservation), Jal Sinchan (Water Irrigation), Per Drop More Crop (Micro-irrigation)

• Cancer treatment, emergency care, orthopaedic and urology (kidney-related ailments) top the tertiary care specialties treatment availed by beneficiaries under the PM-JAY) till date.
• Approx. 50% of Ayushman card recipients are women.

• Decline in Parliamentary productivity (Sitting days): From a high of 127 days (1952-1960) to just 64    days in 2011-20. 
• Time Lost due to Adjournments:
•        15th Lok Sabha (2009-2014): >50% of time
•        16th Lok Sabha (2014-2019): 15% of time
•  Referring bills to parliamentary committees has dropped:  from a high of 60% to just 23% in the current Lok Sabha.

• Usage of Graphene: Power, Electronic, Defense, Aerospace, Automotive, sports, construction sectors etc.
• China and Brazil are global leaders in the commercial production of graphene.
• India produces about 1/20th compared to China and one-third compared to Brazil.
• Leading countries in graphene research: China, the U.S., the U.K., Japan, South Korea, Russia, and  Singapore. 

• According to studies by NASSCOM and the World Economic Forum, women in AI account for 26% of the workforce globally and 28% in India.

• The “Our youth are leading the country’s Amrit Yatra with a vision of developed India.” 

• In the Puttaswamy Case, the Supreme Court gave a unanimous judgment upholding the basic right to privacy under the Indian Constitution under Article 21. 

• National Security is an all-encompassing term that includes the protection of a nation (its Territory,  resources, assets, ideologies, institutions, and interests) and its citizens from a range of multi-            dimensional threats.
• It includes: Economic and food security, internal and external security, health security, environmental security etc.

• Definition: It is concerned with threats and challenges from internal or foreign actors/entities, and has the potential to threaten public order and national security within a nation’s boundary.

• Definition: According to IUCN, Nature-based Solutions are actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously benefiting people and nature.
• Engineered Solutions (ES): Engineered solutions, on the other hand, involve designing and          constructing human-made systems to solve environmental problems. 
•            These solutions often rely on technological interventions and infrastructure development. 

• Meaning: “Contentment involves finding happiness and fulfillment in the present moment rather than constantly yearning for more or comparing ourselves to others”.