1st August - AAJ KA QUALITY ENRICHMENT
KEYWORDS
From production centric to farmer’s centric agriculture policy:
The success story of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY):
Increasing rate of financial inclusion among women:
Two committees’ recommendations on Western Ghats (WGs):
Windfall tax:
Quote on difficulties and opportunities: “What hurts you, blesses you. The darkness is your candle”. - RUMI
From production centric to farmer’s centric agriculture policy:
- Meaning: It suggests a shift in focus from solely increasing agricultural output and productivity to prioritizing the welfare and empowerment of farmers.
- This shift recognizes that sustainable agricultural development is closely linked to the well-being of farmers and their communities.
- Usage: It can be used in questions related to – agricultural reforms (issue of productivity, issue of farmer’s plight), government policies and subsidies towards farmers, SDGs and inclusive growth, rural economy etc.
- Meaning: It is a term used to refer to female entrepreneurs, specifically women who are actively involved in starting, managing, and running their businesses. The word is a combination of "she" and "entrepreneurs," highlighting the focus on women in entrepreneurship.
- Usage: It can be used in questions related to - women empowerment and women led development, gender equality and equity, women role in economy, India @ developed nation by 2047 etc.
- Meaning: It signifies a transition from policy of changing your goal time to time to setting up a SMART goal i.e., specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound goals.
- Usage: Government policies and schemes (changing goal of eradicating manual exchanging, cleaning ganga, reducing fiscal deficit), Environmental goals (Kyoto protocol to Paris agreement), etc.
- Meaning: It reflects the optimism and potential in India's future. It signifies India’s strides in various fields and has the potential to play a major role on the global stage.
- Usage: Make in India, Atmanirbhar bharat, Investment and trade opportunity in India, space technologies, semi-conductor industry, chip industry, critical technologies etc.
The success story of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY):
- Achievements: The share of Indian households using LPG as the primary cooking fuel had risen to more than 70% in 2020 from around 30% in 2011.
- Challenges: India’s dependence on imported LPG has steadily increased to over 64% in FY23 (versus 46% in the pre-PMUY phase).
Increasing rate of financial inclusion among women:
- According to RBI’s ‘Deposits with Scheduled Commercial Banks, 2023:
- Women have started saving more than men: In FY2023 (Banking sector)
- Overall deposits: Increased by 10.2%,
- Share of individuals in total deposits declined during the year,
- Share of women customers: Increased to more than 20% from around 18% five years ago.
- The share is highest in case of rural areas, with women deposits accounting for 41% of the incremental rural deposits during the same period.
- In the last two decades, female LFPR has fallen from 30% to 24%, despite the Class 10 enrolment rate among girls increasing from over 46% to 87%.
- In 2022, India’s female LFPR (24%) was the lowest among BRICS countries (excluding Russia).
Two committees’ recommendations on Western Ghats (WGs):
- Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) headed by Prof. Madhav Gadgil: It recommended that all of the Western Ghats be declared as the Ecological Sensitive Areas (ESA).
- High Level Working Group (HLWG) headed by Dr. K. Kasturirangan: It proposed 37% of the total area of Western Ghats, to be declared as eco-sensitive area (ESA). The report recommended a blanket ban on mining, quarrying, setting up of red category industries and thermal power projects.
Windfall tax:
- Definition: A windfall tax is a higher tax levied by the government on specific industries when they experience unexpected and above-average profits.
- As the name suggests, “windfall” refers to a dramatic and unanticipated increase in profits. On the other hand, “tax” implies an imposition levied on this dramatic income growth.
- For instance, the recent Russia-Ukraine war benefitted oil and gas industries with a sudden rise in their profit. So, the government imposed a windfall tax on these industries.
- Definition: According to the United Nations, Disaster is the occurrence of a sudden or significant catastrophe that impairs a society’s (or community’s) fundamental structure and daily operations.
- According to the World Bank, a disaster is an extraordinary, short-lived event that significantly disrupts a nation’s economy.
Quote on difficulties and opportunities: “What hurts you, blesses you. The darkness is your candle”. - RUMI
- Meaning: The quote suggests that challenges and difficult experiences in life can ultimately lead to growth, learning, and transformation.
- What hurts you, blesses you: Adversity and difficult experiences can be painful and challenging in the moment, but they can also be opportunities for personal development and growth.
- The darkness is your candle: In times of darkness, uncertainty, or difficulty, there can be hidden opportunities for self-discovery and enlightenment. Just as a candle shines brightest in the darkness, these challenging moments can illuminate aspects of ourselves and our lives that we may not have noticed before.
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