17th June - AAJ KA QUALITY ENRICHMENT

KEYWORDS

Cardinal pillars of justice/democracy:

• Meaning: It represent the fundamental principles and values upon which these systems are built. 
• Usage: It can be used in polity & democracy (freedom of speech/media, equality and justice), international trade (openness, non-interference, respect to sovereignty, multi-polarity, resilient supply chain), center-state collaboration (cooperation and competitiveness), Social harmony (mutual trust, social asset), economy (resilient infrastructure, human resource). 

4Ps of growth agenda: People, Prosperity, Planet and Participation:

• Meaning: The 4Ps of the growth agenda: People, Prosperity, Planet, and Participation, represent a framework that emphasizes key aspects of sustainable development and inclusive growth.
• Usage: It can be used in way forward as solution to Atmanirbhar Bharat, policy making and implementation, sustainable development & SDGs, welfare of all, citizen participation and citizen centric solution, international cooperation etc.

Principle of leaving no one behind: 

• Meaning: A core element of inclusive and sustainable development. 
• It emphasizes the importance of ensuring that the benefits of progress and prosperity reach all individuals and groups, particularly those who are marginalized, vulnerable, or facing various forms of discrimination or exclusion. 
• Usage: In policy making & implementation, Inclusion (Social, economic and political), Vulnerable section like (women, disabled, poor, old age), good governance, Sustainable development, inclusive growth, LWE/NE Insurgency (solution), Access to Education, Health, Affordable housing etc.

Fusion of ‘Back to Basics' and ‘March to Future':

• Meaning: A harmonious approach that combines the wisdom of the past with the drive for innovation and progress. 
• It entails recognizing the importance of fundamental principles and foundational knowledge while leveraging them to navigate and shape the future.
• Usage: Agriculture/millets & technology, education/skilling and disruptive technologies, traditional knowledge & biotechnology, Traditional conservation practices (Sustainable), cultural values & traditions and modernity, Tribal knowledge etc.

From Business-as-usual approach to Solution Centric Approach:

• Meaning: 
• Business as usual approach: It is any ongoing set of tasks that needs to be done on a regular basis to keep things running.
• Solution Centric Approach: It helps people to develop goals and solutions rather than just analyze current problems.
• Usage: Urbanisation & Smart City, Population related issues, Aspirational district, Social Justice, Good Governance, Agriculture, Cyber Security, Environmental Conservation, Climate Change etc.

CASE STUDIES/ EXAMPLES

Digitization/Computerization of Indian judiciary:

• Delhi High Court has recently launched a hybrid e-sewa kendra to enable litigants, lawyers and the general public to seek information (cases and other services) about their cases and avail of other services from anyplace.
• e-Courts project: It was conceptualized on the basis of the National Policy and Action Plan for Implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in the Indian Judiciary–2005 submitted by e-Committee (Supreme Court of India), with a vision to transform the Indian Judiciary by ICT enablement of Courts.
• Significan

KEY FACTS

Pulses production in India:

• India is the largest producer (25% of global production), consumer (27% of world consumption) and importer (15%) of pulses in the world.
• Area & Production: Pulses account for around 20% of the area under foodgrains and contribute around 7-10% of the total foodgrains production in the country.
• India's pulses production has gone up about 50% (in last 10 years).
• Though pulses are grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons, Rabi pulses contribute more than 60% of the total production.

Increasing Demand of Generic drugs:

• Jan Aushadhi Kendras: Numbers increased by 100 times.
• Sale of generic drugs: Rose more than 170 times over the last nine years.

Remittance flow in India:

• In 2022: India topped the charts for recipient countries, followed by Mexico and China.
• Sources: >35% of India’s remittances can be attributed to highly skilled migrants primarily in three high-income destinations: the US, UK, and Singapore.
• Declining trend: Because of large scale lay-offs in these high-income countries.

PM/VP/PRESIDENT SPEECHES
PM speech on agriculture: Agriculture is at the heart of human civilization.

• We need to empower our farmers with innovation and digital technology. We must also make solutions affordable for small and marginal farmers in the Global South.
• There is also an urgent need to reduce agricultural and food waste, and instead, invest in creating wealth from waste.
• India's G20 priorities in agriculture focus on healing our 'One Earth', creating harmony within our 'One Family' and giving hope for a bright 'One Future'.

JUDGEMENTS/ COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION

Punchhi Commission recommendations (Centre-State relations): 

• Recommendations on Article 355 (Duty of the Centre to protect the state against external aggression and internal disturbance) and Article 356 (Failure of constitutional machinery in the state). 
• It recommended:
• Localized Emergency provisions: Under Article 355, bringing a district or even part of a district under the Central rule. In the rest of the areas, the same elected state government would continue undisturbed.
• Amend the Communal Violence Bill: To include that state consent should not become a hurdle in the deployment of central forces in a serious communal riot. 

DEFINITION

Food Security: 

• Definition: According to World Bank, food security is defined when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

The four main dimensions of food security:

• Physical availability of food
• Economic and physical access to food
• Food utilization
• Stability of the other three dimensions over time

Dissolved oxygen:

• Definition: Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen that is present in water. 
• Water bodies receive oxygen from the atmosphere and from aquatic plants. 
• Running water, such as that of a swift moving stream, dissolves more oxygen than the still water of a pond or lake.
• Dissolved oxygen is a crucial component of natural water bodies, maintaining the aquatic life and quality aesthetic of streams and lakes. 

Biochemical oxygen demand: It is the amount of oxygen consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they decompose organic matter under aerobic conditions. 

• It is often used as an index of the degree of organic pollution in water.

QUOTES
Quote on Education: “Reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting”. -   Edmund Burke

• Meaning:It highlights the importance of not just passively consuming information, but also actively engaging with and processing it. 

• Just as eating without properly digesting food can lead to a lack of nourishment and understanding, reading without reflecting can result in a shallow understanding of the material.