{"id":4343,"date":"2025-07-08T22:51:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T17:21:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=4343"},"modified":"2025-10-15T13:42:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T08:12:38","slug":"odisha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/","title":{"rendered":"Odisha: History, Polity, Culture, Rivers, National Parks, and Economic Profile"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<label class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Historical_Background_of_Odisha\" >Historical Background of Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Geography_and_Climate_of_Odisha\" >Geography and Climate of Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Odisha_Neighboring_States_and_Boundaries\" >Odisha: Neighboring States and Boundaries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Demographics_of_Odisha\" >Demographics of Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#State_Symbols_of_Odisha\" >State Symbols of Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Odisha_Polity_and_Administrative_Structure\" >Odisha Polity and Administrative Structure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Tribes_Inhabiting_Odisha\" >Tribes Inhabiting Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Culture_and_Traditions_of_Odisha\" >Culture and Traditions of Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#National_Parks_in_Odisha\" >National Parks in Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Economic_Profile_of_Odisha\" >Economic Profile of Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Mineral_Resources_in_Odisha\" >Mineral Resources in Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Odisha_Government_Programs\" >Odisha Government Programs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Extremism_in_Odisha\" >Extremism in Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Unique_and_Notable_Facts_about_Odisha\" >Unique and Notable Facts about Odisha<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/odisha\/#Odisha_FAQs\" >Odisha FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4346\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-152938.png?resize=276%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-152938.png?resize=276%2C300&amp;ssl=1 276w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-152938.png?w=532&amp;ssl=1 532w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Courtesy: Maps of India<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha is located on the eastern coast of India. It is known for its ancient temples, classical dance forms, and diverse tribal communities. It is governed by the constitutional framework applicable to Indian states. The state is famed for its architectural heritage, traditional crafts, and rich biodiversity. It covers 155,707 square kilometers (statehood granted in 1936). It holds a unique position in India\u2019s historical and cultural landscape. According to the 2011 Census, Odisha had a population of over 41 million. Bhubaneswar serves as the capital of the state.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/indian-states-and-their-capitals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian States and Their Capitals<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Background_of_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Historical Background of Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4347\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153455.png?resize=224%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153455.png?resize=224%2C300&amp;ssl=1 224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153455.png?w=278&amp;ssl=1 278w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The history of Odisha is rooted in ancient Kalinga, known for its maritime trade and the famous Kalinga War. The region was ruled by dynasties like the Mauryas, Satavahanas, and Gajapatis.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It came under British control in the early 19th century and was part of the Bengal Presidency.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> On April 1, 1936, Odisha was formed as a separate province on a linguistic basis \u2014 becoming the first Indian state to do so. The modern state was reorganized post-independence and continued to evolve under democratic governance. Odisha&#8217;s culture, language (Odia), and customs enjoy constitutional protection and recognition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also Read: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/union-territories-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union Territories of India List\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geography_and_Climate_of_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Geography and Climate of Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4348\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153806.png?resize=300%2C118&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153806.png?resize=300%2C118&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153806.png?resize=768%2C302&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153806.png?w=793&amp;ssl=1 793w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha shares its coastline with the Bay of Bengal and borders the states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Key Geographic Features<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 <\/span><b>Eastern Ghats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (including Simlipal, Mahendragiri, and Malayagiri ranges)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Deccan Plateau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (western Odisha)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Coastal Plains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (along Bay of Bengal)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Dense tropical forests<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Simlipal, Sunabeda)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>River valleys<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Highest Peak<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Deomali (Devmali)<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Elevation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 1,672 m (5,486 ft)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Location<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Koraput district (Eastern Ghats)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Highest peak in Odisha; rich in biodiversity and tribal culture<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Smallest Recognized Peak<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No officially designated smallest peak. The coastal plains and river deltas (e.g., Mahanadi Delta) are nearly flat, with elevations as low as <\/span><b>10\u201320 m above sea level<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Important Mountain Passes<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. <\/span><b>Daringbadi Pass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Connects Kandhamal to Ganjam; known as &#8220;Kashmir of Odisha&#8221;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2. <\/span><b>Simlipal Passes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Trek routes through Simlipal National Park<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 3. <\/span><b>Mahendragiri Pass<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Pilgrimage and trekking routes<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 4. <\/span><b>Niyamgiri Passes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Links Rayagada to Kalahandi; ecologically sensitive<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Major Rivers<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 <\/span><b>Mahanadi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Odisha\u2019s lifeline; flows through Cuttack, Sambalpur<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Brahmani<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Formed by Koel &amp; Sankh rivers; key for industry<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Baitarani<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Flows through Kendujhar and Bhadrak<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Subarnarekha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Cuts through Mayurbhanj and Balasore<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Rushikulya<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Famous for Olive Ridley nesting<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Climate<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 <\/span><b>Coastal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Tropical monsoon \u2013 hot, humid summers; heavy rainfall (cyclone-prone)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Eastern Ghats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Moderate \u2013 cooler summers, mild winters<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Western Plateau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (e.g., Titlagarh): Hotter summers, drier winters<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/mizoram\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Mizoram<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odisha_Neighboring_States_and_Boundaries\"><\/span><b>Odisha: Neighboring States and Boundaries<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha is bordered by:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Type of Border<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Neighbour<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic Border<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">West Bengal<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic Border<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jharkhand<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic Border<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chhattisgarh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic Border<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/meghalaya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Meghalaya<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-5575\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-5575 ml-slider has-dots-nav ms-theme-default-base\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_5575\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_5575\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5579 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"400-X-180cdr-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/mains\/upsc-qep-2026-batch-5-english\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/400-X-180cdr-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5579 msDefaultImage\" title=\"400 X 180cdr\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5580 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/qep-pocket-notes-2.0\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5580 msDefaultImage\" title=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5581 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/toppers-handwritten-upsc-pyq-4-books\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5581 msDefaultImage\" title=\"web site banner toppers book. 400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demographics_of_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Demographics of Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per the 2011 Census, Odisha had a population of approximately 41 million. The population density is around 269 persons per square kilometer. The sex ratio is 979 females per 1000 males.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Literacy Rate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The literacy rate is 72.9%. Male literacy is at 81.6% and female literacy is at 64%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Languages Spoken<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sambalpuri<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kui<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Santali<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bengali<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telugu<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urdu<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">English (official language)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/manipur\/%20%E2%80%8E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Manipur<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"State_Symbols_of_Odisha\"><\/span><b>State Symbols of Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following are the state symbols for Odisha:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4349\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153927.png?resize=300%2C196&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153927.png?resize=300%2C196&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153927.png?resize=768%2C500&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-153927.png?w=801&amp;ssl=1 801w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Symbol<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Name<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Animal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Bird<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Tree<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sacred Fig (Ficus religiosa)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State Flower<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ashoka Flower (Saraca asoca)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These symbols reflect the region\u2019s ecological and cultural uniqueness.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=3691&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b> Maharrashtra<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odisha_Polity_and_Administrative_Structure\"><\/span><b>Odisha Polity and Administrative Structure<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4350\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-154026.png?resize=300%2C277&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-154026.png?resize=300%2C277&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-08-154026.png?w=323&amp;ssl=1 323w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha became a separate province in 1936 and a full-fledged state after independence. It has a unicameral legislature with 147 seats. The state is administered through the Indian Constitution with representation in both houses of Parliament.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Status<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Statehood since April 1, 1936<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Unicameral legislature (147 seats)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current Leadership<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governor: Raghubar Das (since October 2023)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chief Minister: Naveen Patnaik<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judiciary<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High Court: Orissa High Court, Cuttack<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parliamentary Representation<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Lok Sabha (Lower House): 21 elected MPs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Rajya Sabha (Upper House): 10 indirectly elected members<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legislative Structure<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Unicameral Assembly: 147 elected members<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Districts: 30<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Subdivisions: Further divided into blocks and gram panchayats for local governance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=3546&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b> Kerala<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tribes_Inhabiting_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Tribes Inhabiting Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following are the major tribes of Odisha:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Tribe<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Region\/Districts Predominantly Inhabited<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Key Cultural Traits<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Kondh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kandhamal, Rayagada, Kalahandi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dongria sub-group, known for horticulture, animism, and eco-conservation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Santal<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Balasore<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rich folklore, tribal dance (Chhau), and traditional hunting practices<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Saura<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gajapati, Rayagada<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iconic Saura paintings (similar to Warli), animist rituals, and shifting cultivation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Bonda<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malkangiri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of India&#8217;s most primitive tribes, known for unique dress (only wearing beads and loincloths) and Austroasiatic language<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Gadaba<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Koraput<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Known for Dhemsa dance, distinctive brass jewelry, and millet farming<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Juang<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keonjhar, Angul<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iron smelting traditions, forest-based lifestyle, traditional Juang dance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Bhuyan<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sundargarh, Keonjhar<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Metalcraft (especially iron tools), clan-based social structure<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Paroja<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Koragput<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional festivals (Chaita Parab), terrace agriculture, and vibrant attire<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Munda<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Folk music (Jhumair songs), collective farming practices<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Oraon<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sundargarh<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tribal music (Dhumkuria songs), rice cultivation, and oral storytelling traditions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Koya<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malkangiri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Known for communal living (Ghotul system), bamboo craft, and spiritual dances<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Kharia<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sundargarh<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expert basket weaving, collection of minor forest produce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ho<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mayurbhanj<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural affinity with Jharkhand tribes, unique Ho script<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Bhottada<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nabarangpur<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Festival of Chaitra Parab, intricate death rituals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Lodha<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balasore<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historically forest dwellers, now settled agriculturists, skilled in herbal medicine<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>PVTG Status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Bonda, Dongria Kondh, Juang and Lodha are officially classified as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups by the Indian government.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Unique Features<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Bonda and Dongria Kondh are among the most isolated tribes in India with minimal outside contact.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Artistic Significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Saura paintings are now recognized as a distinct tribal art form, often used to decorate homes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic Activities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Most tribes practice subsistence farming, with some like the Gadaba and Paroja known for terrace cultivation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Culture_and_Traditions_of_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Culture and Traditions of Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha\u2019s culture is deeply rooted in its classical heritage and tribal traditions. It has over 60 tribal communities contributing to a diverse cultural mosaic. These communities preserve unique traditions through dress, music, dance, art, and rituals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odissi classical dance, Pattachitra painting, tribal festivals like Chaitra Parab and Nuakhai, and indigenous beliefs coexist with Hindu religious practices, shaping a distinctive socio-cultural identity.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Classical Dance<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Odissi is one of the eight officially recognized classical dance forms of India, originating from the temples of Odisha. \u2022 Popular Folk Dances: &#8211; Ghumura (Kalahandi region) &#8211; Dalkhai (performed by women in Sambalpur) &#8211; Chhau (tribal martial dance from Mayurbhanj) \u2022 Themes: Devotion, mythology, valor, seasonal changes, and tribal lore.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Theatre Art<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Rich tradition of folk theatre like Prahallada Nataka and Jatra. \u2022 Influenced by religious narratives and local legends. \u2022 Village performances often blend music, drama, and dance.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Folk Music<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Types: Ballads, festival songs, devotional music, tribal rhythms. \u2022 Instruments: Mardala (percussion), flute, dhap, harmonium, dhol. \u2022 Notable Form: Tribal music of the Kondh, Saura, and Santhal communities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Classical Music<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Odisha has a distinct style of classical music\u2014Odissi music. \u2022 It includes elements of Hindustani and Carnatic but with unique ragas and talas. \u2022 Composers like Jayadeva and Upendra Bhanja contributed significantly.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Performance Traditions<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Linked to Jagannath cult, local legends, seasonal festivals, and tribal traditions. \u2022 Venues: Temple courtyards, village squares, local mandaps.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Major Festivals<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Cultural: Rath Yatra, Konark Festival, Dhauli Kalinga Mahotsav. \u2022 Tribal: Chaita Parab, Nuakhai, Magha Parab. \u2022 Religious: Durga Puja, Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Arts &amp; Crafts<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Woodwork: Pattachitra scroll painting mounted on palm leaf or wooden bases. \u2022 Weaving: Sambalpuri and Bomkai sarees with intricate ikat patterns. \u2022 Stone carving, appliqu\u00e9 work (Pipili), and silver filigree (Cuttack).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Architecture<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Traditional: Kalinga style temple architecture with towering shikharas and intricate carvings. \u2022 Iconic Sites: Sun Temple at Konark, Jagannath Temple at Puri, Lingaraj Temple at Bhubaneswar. \u2022 Tribal housing: Mud and thatch homes, decorated with murals.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Wildlife &amp; Nature<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Sanctuaries: Simlipal National Park (tigers, elephants), Bhitarkanika (crocodiles), Chilika Lake (migratory birds, dolphins). \u2022 Ecosystems: Mangroves, coastal wetlands, sal forests, and hill ranges.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"National_Parks_in_Odisha\"><\/span><b>National Parks in Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha has multiple designated national parks and sanctuaries:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>National Parks<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. <\/span><b>Simlipal National Park<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (2,750 km\u00b2, Mayurbhanj) \u2022 Key Species: Bengal Tiger, Asian Elephant, Giant Squirrel, Orchid varieties<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2. <\/span><b>Bhitarkanika National Park<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (672 km\u00b2, Kendrapara) \u2022 Key Species: Saltwater Crocodile, Olive Ridley Turtle, King Cobra, Mangrove species<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Wildlife Sanctuaries<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Chilika (Nalabana) Wildlife Sanctuary (Puri\/Ganjam)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary (Angul)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary (Kandhamal)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Baisipalli, Balukhand, Karlapat, Hadagarh, and others<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ramsar Sites<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Chilika Lake (first Indian Ramsar site)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Bhitarkanika Mangroves<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>UNESCO Tentative Sites<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Sun Temple, Konark (proposed)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Bhitarkanika Mangroves (proposed)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Tiger Reserve<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Simlipal Tiger Reserve (part of Simlipal NP)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Satkosia Tiger Reserve (Angul\/Nayagarh)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Profile_of_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Economic Profile of Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The economy of Odisha is diverse, with strong contributions from mining, agriculture, manufacturing, and services.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Key Sectors<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 <\/span><b>Agriculture\/Horticulture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Rice, pulses, oilseeds, mangoes, cashew, turmeric<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Mining and Minerals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Iron ore, coal, bauxite, chromite<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Industries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Steel, aluminum, textiles, power<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Tourism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 1+ crore annual visitors; Puri, Konark, Chilika, tribal circuits<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 <\/span><b>Handicrafts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Silver filigree, Pattachitra, hornwork<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Major Projects<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Odisha Industrial Corridor (part of East Coast Economic Corridor)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Smart Cities Mission: Bhubaneswar, Rourkela<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Paradeep Port Expansion<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Odisha Startup Policy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Mega Aluminium and Steel Clusters<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Economic Overview (2023\u201324)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 GSDP: \u20b98.2 lakh crore (approx. 8% growth)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Sectoral Contribution:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Agriculture: 21%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Industry: 39% (mining, manufacturing, power)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Services: 40% (IT, tourism, banking, education)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Major Economic Centers<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2022 Bhubaneswar: Administrative and IT hub<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Cuttack: Legal, trade, and textile center<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Rourkela: Industrial and steel manufacturing<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Paradeep: Port-based economy<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2022 Sambalpur and Angul: Power and mining<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Top Contributing Districts<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Angul (power, coal)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2. Jharsuguda (aluminum, industries)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 3. Sundargarh (steel, mining)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 4. Khordha (services, IT)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 5. Keonjhar (iron ore, forest resources)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mineral_Resources_in_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Mineral Resources in Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha is one of India&#8217;s richest states in terms of mineral deposits.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Mineral Type<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Locations<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Iron Ore<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keonjhar, Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Angul, Jharsuguda, Sundargarh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bauxite<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Koraput, Rayagada<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chromite<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jajpur, Dhenkanal<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limestone<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bargarh, Bolangir<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manganese<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keonjhar, Sundargarh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nickel<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sukinda Valley (Jajpur)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graphite<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rayagada, Kalahandi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-5575\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-5575 ml-slider has-dots-nav ms-theme-default-base\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_5575\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_5575\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5579 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"400-X-180cdr-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/mains\/upsc-qep-2026-batch-5-english\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/400-X-180cdr-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5579 msDefaultImage\" title=\"400 X 180cdr\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5580 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/qep-pocket-notes-2.0\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5580 msDefaultImage\" title=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5581 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/toppers-handwritten-upsc-pyq-4-books\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5581 msDefaultImage\" title=\"web site banner toppers book. 400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odisha_Government_Programs\"><\/span><b>Odisha Government Programs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Following are the important schemes run by the government of Odisha for welfare:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Scheme<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Objective<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Key Features<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Universal health coverage<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u20b95 lakh per family\/year; smart health card system<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Shakti<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women empowerment<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SHG-based livelihood support, financial inclusion<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KALIA Scheme<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farmer assistance<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Direct benefit transfers to small\/marginal farmers<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mukhyamantri Karma Tatpara Abhiyan (MUKTA)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban wage employment<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Community-led urban infrastructure projects<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha Startup Policy<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entrepreneurial support<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Incubation, seed capital, mentorship, market access<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mo Sarkar<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Governance accountability<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feedback from citizens on government services<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biju Yuva Vahini<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Youth engagement<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skilling, volunteering, and leadership training<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha Millet Mission<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate-resilient agriculture<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotion of millets in tribal and rain-fed areas<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SAMALEI Scheme<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban infrastructure<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural and heritage development of western Odisha<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odisha Industrial Policy (2022\u201330)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Investment promotion<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capital subsidies, land allotment, fast-track approvals<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extremism_in_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Extremism in Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extremism in Odisha is primarily associated with Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) or Maoist insurgency. It has affected parts of southern and western Odisha, particularly in tribal-dominated districts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key phases and features include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maoist Influence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Spread from Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh; Odisha became part of the \u2018Red Corridor\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Affected Districts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Malkangiri, Koraput, Rayagada, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Kandhamal, and Boudh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Government Response<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Special forces deployment, road construction, mobile towers, and education centers in remote areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Development-Focused Counterinsurgency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Emphasis on tribal welfare schemes, forest rights, skill training, and livelihood missions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Current Situation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Significant decline in violent incidents post-2015 due to proactive governance and improved connectivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While LWE still exists in pockets, Odisha\u2019s coordinated security and development efforts have helped bring relative peace and reintegration of affected communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unique_and_Notable_Facts_about_Odisha\"><\/span><b>Unique and Notable Facts about Odisha<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only state to have Odissi \u2014 classical dance, music, and temple architecture as heritage trio<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Home to Jagannath Temple, Puri \u2014 part of Char Dham pilgrimage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chilika Lake \u2014 Asia\u2019s largest brackish water lagoon and birding paradise<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simlipal Biosphere Reserve \u2014 Tiger reserve and tribal homeland<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hosts Rath Yatra \u2014 one of the largest religious festivals in the world<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Known for rare silver filigree, Pattachitra painting, and temple sculptures<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bhubaneswar \u2014 First planned temple city and Smart City pioneer in India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rich in minerals \u2014 major contributor to India\u2019s mining and metals industry<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Are you preparing for UPSC 2026?<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/prelims\/prelims-samadhaan-mentorship-2025?utm_source=website&amp;utm_medium=home_page&amp;utm_campaign=course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Join IAShub&#8217;s UPSC coaching batches<\/b><\/a><b> to boost your preparation. Enroll now!<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With its classical roots, mineral wealth, and tribal legacy, Odisha blends heritage with growth. From temples to startups and forests to foundries, the state is shaping an inclusive and resource-driven economic model.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odisha_FAQs\"><\/span><b>Odisha FAQs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<style>#sp-ea-4345 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-4345{ position: relative; }#sp-ea-4345 .ea-card{ opacity: 0;}#eap-preloader-4345{ position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; height: 100%;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: center;}#sp-ea-4345.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-4345.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-4345.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-4345.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-4345.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  margin-right: 0px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single{\r\n background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.ea-expand a{\r\n  background: #cfe2ff !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion{\r\n  margin-bottom: 1rem;\r\n  margin-top: 1rem;\r\n}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1751968675\"><div id=\"sp-ea-4345\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"1\" data-scroll-active-item=\"1\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\"><div id=\"eap-preloader-4345\" class=\"accordion-preloader\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-accordion-free\/public\/assets\/ea_loader.svg\" alt=\"Loader image\"\/><\/div><div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-43450\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse43450\" aria-controls=\"collapse43450\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> What is the historical importance of Odisha?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse43450\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4345\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-43450\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Odisha holds historical significance as the ancient kingdom of Kalinga, famously known for the Kalinga War that transformed Emperor Ashoka. It has a rich lineage of rulers including the Satavahanas, Gajapatis, and Mughals. Odisha became the first Indian state formed on a linguistic basis in 1936.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-43451\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse43451\" aria-controls=\"collapse43451\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Which major rivers flow through Odisha?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse43451\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4345\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-43451\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Major rivers include the Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Subarnarekha, Rushikulya, and Vansadhara. These rivers are vital for irrigation, hydropower, and sustaining the state\u2019s agrarian economy and biodiversity.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-43452\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse43452\" aria-controls=\"collapse43452\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What makes Odisha culturally unique?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse43452\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4345\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-43452\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Odisha\u2019s uniqueness stems from its synthesis of classical and tribal heritage. It is home to Odissi dance and music, ancient temple architecture, and 60+ tribal communities with distinct languages, festivals, and crafts. Art forms like Pattachitra and festivals like Rath Yatra add to its cultural vibrancy.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-43453\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse43453\" aria-controls=\"collapse43453\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> How many national parks are there in Odisha?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse43453\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4345\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-43453\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Odisha has two national parks\u2014Simlipal and Bhitarkanika\u2014and several sanctuaries including Chilika, Satkosia, and Kotagarh. These areas protect diverse species like Bengal tigers, saltwater crocodiles, elephants, and migratory birds.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-43454\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse43454\" aria-controls=\"collapse43454\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What drives Odisha\u2019s economy today?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse43454\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4345\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-43454\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Mining, manufacturing, and agriculture form the core of Odisha\u2019s economy. It is a leading producer of iron ore, coal, and aluminum. Handicrafts, tourism, services, and startups are emerging sectors under state-led industrial and skill development policies.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-43455\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse43455\" aria-controls=\"collapse43455\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the official language of Odisha?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse43455\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4345\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-43455\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The official language of Odisha is Odia. It is widely spoken across the state and is recognized as a classical language of India. Other languages include Sambalpuri, Kui, Santali, Bengali, and Urdu, reflecting its linguistic diversity.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-43456\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse43456\" aria-controls=\"collapse43456\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the Rath Yatra and why is it important?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse43456\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4345\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-43456\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rath Yatra is a major religious festival celebrated annually in Puri. It involves the ceremonial procession of Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra in massive chariots. It attracts millions of devotees and symbolizes Odisha\u2019s spiritual and cultural heritage.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explore Odisha&#8217;s rich heritage, from Kalinga&#8217;s ancient history and tribal cultures to rivers, national parks like Simlipal and Bhitarkanika, economic strength in mining and agriculture, and a vibrant polity rooted in India&#8217;s constitutional framework.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4380,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[673,675,676],"class_list":["post-4343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-culture","tag-odisha","tag-polity"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4343"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5954,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4343\/revisions\/5954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}