{"id":4186,"date":"2025-07-04T21:48:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T16:18:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=4186"},"modified":"2025-10-15T13:48:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T08:18:01","slug":"chandigarh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/","title":{"rendered":"Chandigarh: History, Polity, Culture, and Economic Profile"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<label class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Historical_Background_of_Chandigarh\" >Historical Background of Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Geography_and_Climate_of_Chandigarh\" >Geography and Climate of Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Demographics_of_Chandigarh\" >Demographics of Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#State_Symbols_of_Chandigarh\" >State Symbols of Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Polity_and_Administration_of_Chandigarh\" >Polity and Administration of Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Art_and_Culture_of_Chandigarh\" >Art and Culture of Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Chandigarh_Parks_and_Green_Spaces\" >Chandigarh Parks and Green Spaces<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Economic_Profile_of_Chandigarh\" >Economic Profile of Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Unique_and_Notable_Facts_about_Chandigarh\" >Unique and Notable Facts about Chandigarh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Are_you_preparing_for_UPSC_2025_Join_IAShubs_UPSC_coaching_batches_to_boost_your_preparation_Enroll_now\" >Are you preparing for UPSC 2025? Join IAShub&#8217;s UPSC coaching batches to boost your preparation. Enroll now!<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chandigarh\/#Chandigarh_FAQs\" >Chandigarh FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><b>Chandigarh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a union territory and the capital of both Punjab and Haryana, is a well-planned city known for its modern architecture and urban design. Designed by the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, it stands as a symbol of post-independence India&#8217;s progressive vision. Covering an area of 114 square kilometers, Chandigarh is one of India&#8217;s smallest union territories. As per the 2011 Census, it has a population of over 1 million. The city serves as an administrative, cultural, and educational hub for the northern region.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Also Reads: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/indian-states-and-their-capitals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Indian States\u00a0and Their Capitals 2025<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Background_of_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>Historical Background of Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh was conceived after India&#8217;s partition in 1947 when Lahore, the former capital of undivided Punjab, became part of Pakistan. The need for a new capital led to the creation of Chandigarh, with construction beginning in the 1950s. The city was officially inaugurated in 1953 and later declared a union territory in 1966 after the reorganization of Punjab.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also Read: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/union-territories-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union Territories of India List 2025 With Capitals<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/indian-states-and-their-capitals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4189\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114104.png?resize=300%2C214&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114104.png?resize=300%2C214&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114104.png?w=466&amp;ssl=1 466w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Image Credit: Maps of India<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also Read:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=2870&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geography_and_Climate_of_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>Geography and Climate of Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4190\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114206.png?resize=300%2C189&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114206.png?resize=300%2C189&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114206.png?w=701&amp;ssl=1 701w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh is located in the northern plains, bordered by Punjab to the north, west, and south, and Haryana to the east. The city experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot summers, a monsoon season, and cool winters. The Shivalik Hills lie to the northeast, contributing to the region&#8217;s scenic beauty.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Geographical Features<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><b>Indo-Gangetic Plain<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (dominant landform)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Shivalik Hills<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (foothills of Himalayas in northeast)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>River systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Sutlej (~1,500 km, longest in Punjab), Beas, Ravi (~725 km, shortest major river), Chenab, Jhelum<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Highest point<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Pathankot district (Shivalik foothills, ~1,000 m)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Lowest point<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Fazilka (near India-Pakistan border, ~180 m)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Soil<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Fertile alluvial soil (world&#8217;s most extensive irrigation system)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Limited minerals but rich groundwater reserves<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Climate Type<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Semi-arid to Sub-tropical<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Seasons<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><b>Summer (Apr-Jun)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Hot and dry (up to 45\u00b0C)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Monsoon (Jul-Sep)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Moderate rainfall (SW monsoon)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Post-Monsoon (Oct-Nov)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Pleasant with occasional showers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Winter (Dec-Feb)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cold (can drop to 0\u00b0C in some areas)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Climate Variation<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; <\/span><b>Northern foothills (Shivaliks)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Cooler with moderate rainfall<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Central plains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Extreme temperatures (hot summers, cold winters)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Southwestern regions (Malwa)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Drier with less rainfall<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; <\/span><b>Border areas (Fazilka, Ferozepur)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Semi-arid conditions<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also Read:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=2916&amp;preview=true\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arunachal Pradesh<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demographics_of_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>Demographics of Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per the 2011 Census, Punjab had a population of 27.7 million. The population density stands at 551 persons per square kilometer. The sex ratio is 895 females per 1000 males, below the national average.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Population (2011 Census)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.055 million<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Population Density<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9,252 persons\/km\u00b2<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Sex Ratio<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">818 females per 1000 males<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Literacy Rate<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">86.05% (Male: 89.99%, Female: 81.19%)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Languages Spoken<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Hindi (official)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Punjabi<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; English<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also Read:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/chhattisgarh\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chattisgarh<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-5575\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-5575 ml-slider has-dots-nav ms-theme-default-base\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_5575\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_5575\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5579 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"400-X-180cdr-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/mains\/upsc-qep-2026-batch-5-english\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/400-X-180cdr-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5579 msDefaultImage\" title=\"400 X 180cdr\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5580 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/qep-pocket-notes-2.0\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5580 msDefaultImage\" title=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5581 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/toppers-handwritten-upsc-pyq-4-books\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5581 msDefaultImage\" title=\"web site banner toppers book. 400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"State_Symbols_of_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>State Symbols of Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each state has its own symbols. Following are the state symbols of Punjab:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4191\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114250.png?resize=300%2C197&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114250.png?resize=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114250.png?w=453&amp;ssl=1 453w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Symbol<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Name<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>State Animal<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Grey Mongoose<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>State Bird<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Grey Hornbill<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>State Tree<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mango Tree<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>State Flower<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dhak (Flame of the Forest)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These symbols reflect Chandigarh\u2019s cultural heritage and ecological diversity.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/assam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assam<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polity_and_Administration_of_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>Polity and Administration of Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4192\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114347.png?resize=300%2C123&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114347.png?resize=300%2C123&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114347.png?w=396&amp;ssl=1 396w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a union territory, Chandigarh is administered directly by the Central Government of India, with an Administrator appointed by the President. It has its own legislature and is known for its efficient urban governance. The city is divided into sectors, each planned with residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Union Territory Formation<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">November 1, 1966 (Punjab Reorganisation Act)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Administrator<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banwarilal Purohit (since August 31, 2021)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Chief Justice (High Court)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hon&#8217;ble Justice Ravi Shankar Jha (since October 10, 2023)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; High Court: Chandigarh (shared with Punjab and Haryana)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Legislature Type<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union Territory (No Legislative Assembly)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Lok Sabha Representation<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 Member<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Rajya Sabha Representation<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\/A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Local Governance Units<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Municipal Corporation<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/bihar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bihar<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Art_and_Culture_of_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>Art and Culture of Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh reflects a cosmopolitan culture, blending Punjabi traditions with modern urban influences. The city hosts various cultural festivals, art exhibitions, and literary events. Key attractions include the Rock Garden, Sukhna Lake, and Capitol Complex, showcasing its architectural heritage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4193\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114430.png?resize=300%2C207&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114430.png?resize=300%2C207&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114430.png?w=425&amp;ssl=1 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Classical Dance of Chandigarh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kathak is prominent.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Folk Dances<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Bhangra (performed during festivals)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Giddha (women&#8217;s folk dance)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Theatre Art of Chandigarh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh has a growing modern theatre scene.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Folk Music<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reflects the urban and cosmopolitan culture.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Festivals<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Rose Festival: Annual flower festival in February\/March<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Baisakhi: Celebrated with cultural programs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Diwali, Christmas, Eid widely celebrated<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Arts and Crafts<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Showcases modern and traditional crafts.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Architecture<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Famous for Le Corbusier&#8217;s modernist designs.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Rock Garden<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unique sculpture garden made from industrial waste.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Sukhna Lake<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Man-made lake and popular cultural spot.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These reflect Chandigarh&#8217;s unique blend of modernity and tradition.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandigarh_Parks_and_Green_Spaces\"><\/span><b>Chandigarh Parks and Green Spaces<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh is known as &#8220;The City Beautiful&#8221; for its well-planned urban spaces and greenery.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4193\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114430.png?resize=300%2C207&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114430.png?resize=300%2C207&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Screenshot-2025-07-04-114430.png?w=425&amp;ssl=1 425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><b>Protected Areas of Chandigarh:<\/b><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>National Parks in Chandigarh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh does not have any designated national parks.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Wildlife Sanctuaries<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Diversity<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key Features: Protects species like sambar deer, wild boar and peafowl. Located near Sukhna Lake.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Neighboring States and Boundaries<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punjab to the north, Haryana to the east and south.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Ramsar Sites in Chandigarh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh does not have any Ramsar sites.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>UNESCO World Heritage Sites<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh does not have any UNESCO World Heritage Sites.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Tiger Reserves in Chandigarh<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh does not have any tiger reserves.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key Points:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh has limited wildlife protected areas due to its urban character.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary is the only significant protected area.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The city&#8217;s green cover is maintained through urban parks and gardens.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh&#8217;s ecosystem consists of urban landscapes with some forested areas around Sukhna Lake.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Profile_of_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>Economic Profile of Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The economy of Chandigarh is primarily agrarian, with strong contributions from agriculture, food processing, and manufacturing, supported by a robust transport network.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Category<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Details<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Key Sectors<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government Services: Major employer as UT capital<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Information Technology: Growing IT park and startups<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Education: Premier institutions like PGI and Panjab University<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Healthcare: Advanced medical facilities<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tourism: Architectural landmarks and gardens<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Major Projects<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh International Airport expansion<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rajiv Gandhi Chandigarh Technology Park Phase III<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Metro Rail Project (proposed)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smart City initiatives<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Economic Overview<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GSDP for 2023-24: \u20b90.45 lakh crore<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sector-wise Contribution (2023-24):<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Services: 65%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Industry: 25%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Others: 10%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Major Economic Centres<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Industrial Area Phase I &amp; II<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IT Park<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Educational and Medical Hub<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial markets in Sector 17 and 35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key Points:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh&#8217;s economy is service-sector dominated.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The city serves as an administrative and educational hub.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IT sector is growing with the Chandigarh Technology Park.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tourism contributes significantly due to architectural landmarks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Per capita income is among the highest in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-5575\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-5575 ml-slider has-dots-nav ms-theme-default-base\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_5575\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_5575\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; 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width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5581 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/toppers-handwritten-upsc-pyq-4-books\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5581 msDefaultImage\" title=\"web site banner toppers book. 400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unique_and_Notable_Facts_about_Chandigarh\"><\/span><b>Unique and Notable Facts about Chandigarh<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Planned City<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India&#8217;s first planned city post-independence, designed by Swiss French architect Le Corbusier.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>City Beautiful<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Nicknamed for its well-organized sectors, green spaces, and modernist architecture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Joint Capital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Serves as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana states while being a separate Union Territory.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rock Garden<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Nek Chand&#8217;s famous sculpture garden created from industrial and home waste, attracting millions of visitors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High Literacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Boasts one of India&#8217;s highest literacy rates at 86.05%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Green City<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Over 35% of its area is under green cover with numerous parks and gardens.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sukhna Lake<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A 3 km\u00b2 man-made reservoir that&#8217;s the city&#8217;s prime recreational spot.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>No Traditional Industry<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Economy primarily based on government services, education and IT rather than manufacturing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural Hub<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Hosts major events like the Chandigarh Carnival and Rose Festival annually.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Architectural Marvel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Home to iconic structures like the Capitol Complex (UNESCO World Heritage Site).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_you_preparing_for_UPSC_2025_Join_IAShubs_UPSC_coaching_batches_to_boost_your_preparation_Enroll_now\"><\/span><b>Are you preparing for UPSC 2025?<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/prelims\/prelims-samadhaan-mentorship-2025?utm_source=website&amp;utm_medium=home_page&amp;utm_campaign=course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Join IAShub&#8217;s UPSC coaching batches<\/b><\/a><b> to boost your preparation. Enroll now!<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandigarh, with its rich historical legacy, cultural traditions, and economic initiatives, remains one of India\u2019s significant states. the UT exemplifies a harmonious blend of heritage and progress. Understanding Chandigarh\u2019s geography, polity, and social customs is essential for competitive exam aspirants and anyone seeking to learn about India\u2019s regional diversity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandigarh_FAQs\"><\/span><b>Chandigarh FAQs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<style>#sp-ea-4188 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-4188{ position: relative; }#sp-ea-4188 .ea-card{ opacity: 0;}#eap-preloader-4188{ position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; height: 100%;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: center;}#sp-ea-4188.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-4188.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-4188.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-4188.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-4188.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  margin-right: 0px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single{\r\n background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.ea-expand a{\r\n  background: #cfe2ff !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion{\r\n  margin-bottom: 1rem;\r\n  margin-top: 1rem;\r\n}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1751608868\"><div id=\"sp-ea-4188\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"1\" data-scroll-active-item=\"1\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\"><div id=\"eap-preloader-4188\" class=\"accordion-preloader\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-accordion-free\/public\/assets\/ea_loader.svg\" alt=\"Loader image\"\/><\/div><div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-41880\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse41880\" aria-controls=\"collapse41880\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> When was Chandigarh established and why?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse41880\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4188\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-41880\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chandigarh was officially established on <\/span><b>October 7, 1953<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, as a planned capital city to replace Lahore (lost to Pakistan after Partition). Designed by Swiss-French architect <\/span><b>Le Corbusier<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it was built from scratch to symbolize India's modern ambitions. The city became the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana in <\/span><b>1966<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after Punjab\u2019s reorganization.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-41881\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse41881\" aria-controls=\"collapse41881\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Why is Chandigarh called a planned city?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse41881\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4188\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-41881\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chandigarh was India's first post-independence planned city, designed by Le Corbusier with a grid layout of organized sectors. Its systematic urban planning includes wide avenues, consistent architecture, and abundant green spaces. The city serves as a model of modern urban design in India.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-41882\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse41882\" aria-controls=\"collapse41882\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What makes Chandigarh's architecture special?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse41882\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4188\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-41882\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Chandigarh features Le Corbusier's iconic brutalist concrete structures like the Capitol Complex (UNESCO site) and Open Hand Monument. Government buildings showcase innovative sun-breakers and ramps blending functionality with art. The city's museums and galleries reflect its unique architectural philosophy.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-41883\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse41883\" aria-controls=\"collapse41883\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Why is Chandigarh capital for two states?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse41883\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4188\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-41883\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Chandigarh serves as the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana under a unique arrangement since the 1966 state reorganization. As a Union Territory, it hosts both state governments and their shared High Court. This neutral, well-planned city was ideal for shared administration.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-41884\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse41884\" aria-controls=\"collapse41884\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What are Chandigarh's top attractions?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse41884\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4188\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-41884\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0The Rock Garden's recycled-art wonder and Sukhna Lake's waterscapes draw most visitors. Capitol Complex showcases architectural brilliance while Sector 17 plaza buzzes with activity. Asia's largest Rose Garden displays 1,600 varieties in bloom.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-41885\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse41885\" aria-controls=\"collapse41885\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Why is Chandigarh called a green city?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse41885\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-4188\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-41885\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With 35% green cover, Chandigarh maintains parks in every sector and 30km of green belts. Strict tree protection laws and urban forestry make it India's cleanest city. Its tree-lined avenues create unique urban forests.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Explore Chandigarh&#8217;s history, polity, culture, and economic profile. Known for its modern architecture, green spaces, and administrative significance, the Union Territory is a symbol of India&#8217;s urban planning and cultural fusion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4229,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[646],"class_list":["post-4186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-chandigarh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4186"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5978,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4186\/revisions\/5978"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}