{"id":289,"date":"2025-03-18T12:16:16","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T06:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=289"},"modified":"2025-10-28T16:24:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T10:54:18","slug":"upsc-mains-syllabus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/upsc-mains-syllabus\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025 GS Paper 1, ,2,3,4, Language, Optional"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<label class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/upsc-mains-syllabus\/#UPSC_Mains_Syllabus_2025_Overview\" >UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025 Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/upsc-mains-syllabus\/#What_is_the_UPSC_Exam_2025\" >What is the UPSC Exam 2025?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/upsc-mains-syllabus\/#UPSC_Mains_Syllabus_2025_Detailed\" >UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025 Detailed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/upsc-mains-syllabus\/#UPSC_Mains_Syllabus_2025_FAQs\" >UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025 FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2025<\/strong>\u00a0is a crucial stage in the selection process for candidates aspiring to join the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and other Group A and B services. The Mains exam consists of nine papers, including four General Studies (GS) papers, two language papers, one essay paper, and two optional subject papers. Below is a detailed breakdown of the\u00a0<strong>UPSC Mains Syllabus<\/strong>\u00a0for each component.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=294&amp;preview=true\"><b>Checkout the UPSC Mains Exam Pattern here!<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Mains_Syllabus_2025_Overview\"><\/span><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025 Overview<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>UPSC Mains Examination 2025<\/strong>\u00a0is structured to evaluate candidates&#8217; intellectual depth, analytical skills, and ethical standards. A well-planned approach to preparation, emphasizing conceptual clarity, answer writing practice, and staying updated with current affairs, is essential for success. Aligning preparation with the UPSC Mains Syllabus enhances the chances of excelling in this highly competitive examination.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_UPSC_Exam_2025\"><\/span><b>What is the UPSC Exam 2025?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Civil Services Examination (CSE) is a competitive exam held in India by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) to select candidates for higher civil services positions in the Government of India. These include roles in All India Services and Central Civil Services (Group A and some Group B posts).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The CSE is conducted in three stages:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Preliminary Examination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This includes two objective-type papers. Paper I is focused on General Studies, while Paper II, known as the Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT), tests candidates&#8217; aptitude skills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Main Examination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This stage consists of nine conventional (essay-style) papers. Out of these, two are qualifying papers, and only the marks of the remaining seven papers are considered for ranking.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Personality Test (Interview):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The final stage of the exam, where candidates are assessed based on their personality and suitability for a civil services role.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=285&amp;preview=true\"><b>Checkout the article on UPSC Mains Exam 2025 here!<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Mains_Syllabus_2025_Detailed\"><\/span><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025 Detailed<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UPSC Mains syllabus is extensive, requiring a deep and comprehensive understanding of various subjects. Below is a detailed breakdown of the syllabus<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus- Essay Paper I<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. The essays should adhere closely to the subject, present ideas in an orderly manner, and be concise. Credit will be awarded for effective and precise expression.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies I (Paper II) <\/b><b>Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Indian Culture<\/strong> &#8211; Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature, and Architecture from ancient to modern times.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modern Indian History: Developments from the mid-18th century to the present, including significant events, personalities, and issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The Freedom Struggle:<\/strong> Various stages and important contributions from different regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>World History &#8211;<\/strong> Events from the 18th century, including: The Industrial Revolution, World Wars, Redrawing of national boundaries, Colonization and decolonization, Political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism, and their forms and societal effects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Indian Society:<\/strong> Salient features of Indian society and its diversity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of women and women&#8217;s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental challenges, Urbanization: Problems and remedies, Effects of globalization on Indian society.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism, and secularism.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>World Geography &#8211;<\/strong> Salient features of the world&#8217;s physical geography.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distribution of key natural resources globally (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Factors influencing the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various regions (including India).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Important geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity, and cyclones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geographical features and their location, including changes in critical features like water bodies, ice caps, flora, and fauna, along with their impacts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies II (Paper III) Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Indian Constitution &#8211;<\/strong> Historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions, and basic structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Union and State Functions<\/strong> &#8211; Functions and responsibilities, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels, and associated challenges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Separation of Powers between various organs, dispute redressal mechanisms, and institutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Parliament and State Legislatures &#8211;<\/strong> Structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers and privileges, and issues arising out of these.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structure, organization, and functioning; Ministries and Departments of the Government; role of pressure groups and formal\/informal associations in the polity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Features of Representation of People&#8217;s Act<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Constitutional Posts &#8211;<\/strong> Appointment, powers, functions, and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Statutory, Regulatory, and Quasi-Judicial Bodies<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government Policies and Interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Development Processes and the Development Industry<\/strong> &#8211; Role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Welfare Schemes for vulnerable sections by the Centre and States, performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions, and bodies constituted for their protection and betterment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Social Sector\/Services Development and Management<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issues relating to development and management.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Governance &#8211;<\/strong> Transparency and accountability, e-governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens&#8217; charters, transparency &amp; accountability, and institutional and other measures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of Civil Services in a Democracy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=404&amp;preview=true\"><b>Also check out the UPSC Mains Answer Writting article for the 2025 Exam.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies III (Paper IV) <\/b><b>Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Indian Economy &#8211;<\/strong> Issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development, and employment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inclusive Growth and Issues arising from it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government Budgeting<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major crops, cropping patterns, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems; storage, transport, and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System\u2014objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food Processing and Related Industries &#8211; Scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land Reforms in India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Liberalization Effects &#8211;<\/strong> On the economy, changes in industrial policy, and their effects on industrial growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Infrastructure &#8211;<\/strong> Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Investment Models<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Science and Technology &#8211;<\/strong> Developments and their applications and effects in everyday life; achievements of Indians in science &amp; technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nanotechnology, Biotechnology &#8211; Awareness in these fields and issues relating to intellectual property rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Conservation &#8211;<\/strong> Environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disaster and Disaster Management<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linkages Between Development and Spread of Extremism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Internal Security Challenges &#8211;<\/strong> Role of external state and non-state actors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Security Challenges in Border Areas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Security Forces and Agencies their mandate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus General Studies IV (Paper V) <\/b><b>Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This paper includes questions to test the candidates&#8217; attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life, and problem-solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced while dealing with society. Questions may utilize the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ethics and Human Interface &#8211;<\/strong> Essence, determinants, and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Human Values &#8211;<\/strong> Lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers, and administrators; role of family, society, and educational institutions in inculcating values.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Attitude &#8211;<\/strong> Content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behavior; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil Service &#8211;<\/strong> Integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance, and compassion towards the weaker sections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Emotional Intelligence &#8211;<\/strong> Concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contributions of Moral Thinkers and Philosophers from India and the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>UPSC Compulsory English Paper 2025<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The English language paper is a mandatory component of the UPSC Civil Services Mains Exam. It is of qualifying nature, meaning the marks obtained in this paper will not contribute to the final ranking but must be cleared to advance further. The UPSC Mains English Compulsory Paper Syllabus includes topics on language, writing, comprehension, and grammar. Below is a detailed breakdown:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Essay Writing (100 Marks):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Candidates are required to write a well-structured essay on a given topic. This section evaluates clarity of thought, coherence, proper organization, and a good command of the English language.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Comprehension (75 Marks):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This section assesses the ability to understand and interpret written English. Candidates need to read a passage and answer questions based on the main ideas, themes, and details presented in it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Precis Writing (75 Marks):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Candidates must summarize a given passage concisely, retaining its essential meaning and key points. This section tests the ability to distill information and express it clearly and briefly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Grammar and Vocabulary (50 Marks):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This section evaluates knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, including correct word usage, synonyms, antonyms, and context-based questions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=408&amp;preview=true\"><b>Also check out the UPSC Mains Cutoff article for the 2025 Exam.<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-5575\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-5575 ml-slider has-dots-nav ms-theme-default-base\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_5575\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_5575\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5579 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"400-X-180cdr-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/mains\/upsc-qep-2026-batch-5-english\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/400-X-180cdr-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5579 msDefaultImage\" title=\"400 X 180cdr\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5580 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/qep-pocket-notes-2.0\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5580 msDefaultImage\" title=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5581 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/toppers-handwritten-upsc-pyq-4-books\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5581 msDefaultImage\" title=\"web site banner toppers book. 400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><b>UPSC Compulsory Indian Language Paper 2025<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UPSC Civil Services Examination offers candidates the option to write their exams in one of the 22 Indian languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Despite its significance, many aspirants tend to overlook this paper, but failure in it can lead to disqualification. Thus, it is an integral part of UPSC preparation. Candidates are required to choose one language from the Eighth Schedule as listed below:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 694px;\" width=\"716\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Language<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Script<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assamese<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assamese<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bengali<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bengali<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gujarati<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gujarati<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kannada<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kannada<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kashmiri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Persian<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Konkani<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malayalam<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malayalam<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manipuri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bengali<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marathi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nepali<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punjabi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gurumukhi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanskrit<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sindhi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari or Arabic<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamil<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamil<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telugu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telugu<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urdu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Persian<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bodo<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dogri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maithili<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Santhali<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devanagari or Olchiki<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>UPSC Compulsory Indian Language Paper 2025 Syllabus<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Language Paper in the UPSC Civil Services Main Examination is an essential qualifying paper. Understanding its syllabus is crucial for effective preparation. Below is a section-wise breakdown of the syllabus:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Essay Writing (100 Marks):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Candidates must write a coherent and well-structured essay on a given topic. This section evaluates proficiency in the chosen Indian language, clarity of thought, and presentation skills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reading Comprehension (60 Marks)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In this section, candidates read a passage and answer questions related to it. The focus is on understanding the main ideas, themes, and specific details in the passage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Precis Writing (60 Marks):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This section tests the candidate&#8217;s ability to summarize a given passage concisely, retaining its essential meaning and key points.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Translation (40 Marks: 20 Marks Each):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Candidates must translate a passage from English to the chosen language and another passage from the chosen language to English. This section evaluates the ability to understand and accurately express content in both languages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Grammar and Basic Language Skills (40 Marks):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This section assesses knowledge of grammar, syntax, and language usage. It includes questions on vocabulary, sentence structure, and rules of grammar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus &#8211; Optional Papers for 2025<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Candidates are required to select one optional subject from a list of 48 subjects. The optional subject consists of two papers (Paper 1 and Paper 2), each carrying 250 marks, for a total of 500 marks.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 417px;\" width=\"724\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Optional Subjects<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anthropology<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Botany<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chemistry<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Civil Engineering<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commerce &amp; Accountancy<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economics<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrical Engineering<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geography<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geology<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Management<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mathematics<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanical Engineering<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medical Science<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Philosophy<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Physics<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Science and International Relations<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychology<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Administration<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sociology<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Statistics<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zoology<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Literature section in the UPSC CSE Mains offers a variety of language options for candidates. This allows aspirants to choose a language they are comfortable with, or one that aligns with their academic background, helping in scoring well with a well-prepared strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 373px;\" width=\"734\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><b>Literature Subjects<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assamese<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bengali<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bodo<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dogri<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gujarati<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kannada<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kashmiri<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maithili<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malayalam<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manipuri<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marathi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nepali<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oriya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punjabi<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanskrit<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Santhali<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sindhi<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamil<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telugu<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urdu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">English<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Mains_Syllabus_2025_FAQs\"><\/span><b>UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025 FAQs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<style>#sp-ea-290 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-290{ position: relative; }#sp-ea-290 .ea-card{ opacity: 0;}#eap-preloader-290{ position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; height: 100%;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: center;}#sp-ea-290.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-290.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-290.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-290.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-290.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  margin-right: 0px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single{\r\n background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.ea-expand a{\r\n  background: #cfe2ff !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion{\r\n  margin-bottom: 1rem;\r\n  margin-top: 1rem;\r\n}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1735036589\"><div id=\"sp-ea-290\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"1\" data-scroll-active-item=\"1\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\"><div id=\"eap-preloader-290\" class=\"accordion-preloader\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-accordion-free\/public\/assets\/ea_loader.svg\" alt=\"Loader image\"\/><\/div><div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-2900\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse2900\" aria-controls=\"collapse2900\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> What is the syllabus of mains in UPSC?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse2900\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-290\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-2900\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UPSC Mains syllabus covers nine papers, including Essay, four General Studies papers (focusing on Indian heritage, governance, technology, and ethics), two optional subject papers, and two qualifying language papers (Indian language and English).<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-2901\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse2901\" aria-controls=\"collapse2901\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Which are the 9 papers in UPSC Mains?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse2901\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-290\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-2901\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The nine papers are: Essay, GS Paper I-IV, two Optional Subject Papers, and two Qualifying Language Papers (Indian language and English).<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-2902\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse2902\" aria-controls=\"collapse2902\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Is the UPSC 2025 syllabus changed?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse2902\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-290\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-2902\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No significant changes have been made to the UPSC 2025 syllabus. Candidates should refer to the official notification for details.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-2903\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse2903\" aria-controls=\"collapse2903\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is UPSC job salary?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse2903\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-290\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-2903\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Both IAS and IPS officers begin with a basic salary of \u20b956,100, excluding allowances like TA, DA, and HRA.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-2904\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse2904\" aria-controls=\"collapse2904\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Is 31 too late for UPSC?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse2904\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-290\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-2904\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">No, it is not too late. The age limit for the General category is 32 years, OBC is 35 years, and SC\/ST is 37 years, with respective attempt limits.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Get a detailed breakdown of the UPSC Mains Syllabus 2025, covering GS Paper 1, 2, 3, 4, Language Papers, Essay Paper, and Optional Subjects. Understand the topics, structure, and key areas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1593,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[200,199,201,202],"class_list":["post-289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-comprehensive-syllabus-and-optional-subjects","tag-upsc-mains-syllabus","tag-upsc-mains-syllabus-2025","tag-upsc-mains-syllabus-pdf"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=289"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6427,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions\/6427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}