{"id":2208,"date":"2025-04-03T21:10:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T15:40:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=2208"},"modified":"2025-10-28T13:12:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T07:42:12","slug":"sagarmala-programme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/","title":{"rendered":"Sagarmala Programme: Modernizing India\u2019s Maritime Infrastructure"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<label class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #127abf;color:#127abf\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Explained\" >Sagarmala Programme Explained<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Project_Purpose\" >Sagarmala Project Purpose<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Five_Pillars\" >Sagarmala Programme Five Pillars<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Project_Ports_List\" >Sagarmala Project Ports List<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Implementation\" >Sagarmala Programme Implementation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Project_Current_Status\" >Sagarmala Project Current Status<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Challenges_and_Future_Plans\" >Sagarmala Programme Challenges and Future Plans<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_FAQs\" >Sagarmala Programme FAQs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Explained-2\" >Sagarmala Programme Explained<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Project_Purpose-2\" >Sagarmala Project Purpose<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Five_Pillars-2\" >Sagarmala Programme Five Pillars<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Project_Ports_List-2\" >Sagarmala Project Ports List<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Implementation-2\" >Sagarmala Programme Implementation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Project_Current_Status-2\" >Sagarmala Project Current Status<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_Challenges_and_Future_Plans-2\" >Sagarmala Programme Challenges and Future Plans<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/sagarmala-programme\/#Sagarmala_Programme_FAQs-2\" >Sagarmala Programme FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sagarmala Programme, initiated by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, is a strategic effort by the Government of India to revolutionize the maritime sector. Leveraging the country&#8217;s vast coastline, navigable waterways, and key trade routes, the programme seeks to harness these resources for port-driven development and the advancement of coastal communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/upsc-mains-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>UPSC Exam Syllabus<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Explained\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Explained<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a national effort to enhance port connectivity, develop inland waterways, and drive industrial growth near coastal areas. The program focuses on optimizing logistics for both domestic and international trade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has a 7,500 km coastline, yet its ports have faced inefficiencies. The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> addresses these challenges by upgrading infrastructure, improving last-mile connectivity, and integrating ports with roads and railways.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2210\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sagarmala-india.jpg?resize=224%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sagarmala-india.jpg?resize=224%2C300&amp;ssl=1 224w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sagarmala-india.jpg?w=478&amp;ssl=1 478w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Sagarmala Programme Objectives<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce logistics cost for EXIM and domestic trade with minimal infrastructure investment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enhanced domestic waterways (inland and coastal) in the multi-modal transport<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lower logistics costs of bulk commodities by locating industries close to coast<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Create jobs and develop skills in ports and maritime sector<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2211\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Shipping-govt.-of-india.jpg?resize=300%2C162&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Shipping-govt.-of-india.jpg?resize=300%2C162&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Shipping-govt.-of-india.jpg?w=754&amp;ssl=1 754w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Project_Purpose\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Project Purpose<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has four key objectives:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Port Modernization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Upgrade existing ports and develop new ones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Port Connectivity Enhancement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Improve road, rail, and inland waterway links to ports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coastal Community Development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Create jobs and boost local economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promote Coastal Shipping &amp; Inland Waterways<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Reduce reliance on roads and railways for cargo movement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1263&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Mechanical engineering optional Syllabus<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Five_Pillars\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Five Pillars<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A question often asked in UPSC is that what are the four pillars of the Sagarmala Programme? Its answer is The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> operates on <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall set of projects which are divided into <\/span><b>5 pillars and 24 categories<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>1)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Port-led Industrialization<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Industrial Cluster<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SIPC \/ SEZ<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thermal Power Plants<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Port Led Industries<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>2)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Coastal Community Development<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skill Development<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisheries<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ropeway<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technology Centers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Community Development<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>3)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Coastal Shipping &amp; IWT<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coastal Tourism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ro-Ro \/ Ro-Pax \/ Passenger Jetty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cruise Tourism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coastal Infrastructure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Island Development<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inland Waterways<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>4)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Port Modernization<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Port Modernization &#8211; Major Ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Port Modernization &#8211; Non-Major Ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ship Repair<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>5)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Port Connectivity<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Road<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rail<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pipeline<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multimodal Hubs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1432&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Statutory Bodies in India<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-5575\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-5575 ml-slider has-dots-nav ms-theme-default-base\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_5575\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_5575\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5579 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"400-X-180cdr-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/mains\/upsc-qep-2026-batch-5-english\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/400-X-180cdr-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5579 msDefaultImage\" title=\"400 X 180cdr\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5580 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/qep-pocket-notes-2.0\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pocket-notes-website-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5580 msDefaultImage\" title=\"pocket-notes-website-400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5581 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" data-filename=\"web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/upsc-cse-books\/toppers-handwritten-upsc-pyq-4-books\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5581 msDefaultImage\" title=\"web site banner toppers book. 400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Project_Ports_List\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Project Ports List<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> covers <\/span><b>12 major ports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and over <\/span><b>200 non-major ports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Some key ports under the program include:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme: List of Major Ports<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has 13 major ports, distributed across the eastern and western coasts. These ports are key to facilitating trade and managing cargo traffic efficiently.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Mumbai Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Maharashtra) \u2013 One of the oldest and busiest ports in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Sheva)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Maharashtra) \u2013 The largest container port in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Kandla Port (Deendayal Port)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Gujarat) \u2013 A major hub for petroleum, chemicals, and salt exports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Mormugao Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Goa) \u2013 Primarily handles iron ore exports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>New Mangalore Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Karnataka) \u2013 Deals with petroleum, fertilizers, and edible oil.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Cochin Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Kerala) \u2013 A key hub for international container transshipment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Chennai Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Tamil Nadu) \u2013 The second-largest container port in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Ennore Port (Kamarajar Port)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Tamil Nadu) \u2013 India\u2019s first corporate port.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Visakhapatnam Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Andhra Pradesh) \u2013 Handles coal, petroleum, and iron ore shipments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Paradip Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Odisha) \u2013 A crucial port for coal and iron ore exports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Kolkata Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (West Bengal) \u2013 India\u2019s only riverine port.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Haldia Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (West Bengal) \u2013 A satellite port of Kolkata handling bulk cargo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Tuticorin Port (V.O. Chidambaranar Port)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Tamil Nadu) \u2013 Important for container and general cargo handling.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Implementation\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Implementation<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sagarmala Programme&#8217;s institutional framework facilitates a collaborative role for the Central Government. It serves as a platform for the Central, State Governments, and Local Authorities to align their efforts, promoting coordination under the principles of cooperative federalism. This approach ensures the achievement of the programme&#8217;s goals and supports port-led development.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Governing Body<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Membership<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Responsibilities<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>National Sagarmala Apex Committee<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Headed by Union Minister of Ports, Shipping &amp; Waterways<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Includes relevant Central Ministers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Comprises Maritime States&#8217; Chief Ministers\/Port Ministers<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Provides strategic direction<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Ensures inter-ministerial coordination<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Approves master development plan<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Oversees program implementation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Conducts periodic progress reviews<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>State Sagarmala Committee<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Led by State Chief Minister\/Port Minister<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Includes state department heads<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Involves implementing agencies<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Executes state-level projects<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Facilitates inter-department coordination<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Implements NSAC directives<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Prioritizes critical initiatives<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1584&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Constitutional bodies in India<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Project_Current_Status\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Project Current Status<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With over 90% of India&#8217;s trade volume moving through maritime routes, modernizing port infrastructure is crucial for boosting manufacturing growth and supporting the &#8216;Make in India&#8217; initiative. India&#8217;s port network comprises 12 major ports (managed by the Central Government) and about 200 non-major ports (administered by State Governments).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Current Modernization Efforts:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sagarmala Programme has initiated <\/span><b>234 port modernization projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> worth \u20b92,91,622 crore:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>94 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b931,517 crore) completed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>65 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b979,958 crore) currently underway<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme New Port Development:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>14 new port projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> identified (\u20b91,70,842 crore investment)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>3 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under construction:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Honavar (Karnataka)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chhara (Gujarat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kakinada SEZ (Andhra Pradesh)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>11 additional locations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> planned, including:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vadhavan (Maharashtra)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andaman Transhipment Port<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramayyapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bhavnagar CNG Terminal<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Major Port Upgrades:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>166 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b968,625 crore) across major ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>90 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b926,098 crore) completed (adding &gt;230 MTPA capacity)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>38 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b922,232 crore) in progress<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focus areas:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanization<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital transformation<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Process optimization<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Non-Major Port Enhancements:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>45 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b947,166 crore) identified<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>4 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b95,419 crore) completed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>17 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b927,673 crore) ongoing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>31 PPP projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b945,973 crore total investment)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Special initiatives:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial support for 8 projects<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100% funding for Puducherry port dredging<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Ship Repair Infrastructure:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>7 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b93,968 crore) planned<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>4 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b92,993 crore) in progress:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alang shipyard upgrade<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andaman &amp; Nicobar facilities<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cochin Shipyard expansions<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chennai and Karaikal Port developments<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1477&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Cooperative Federalism in India<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Challenges_and_Future_Plans\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Challenges and Future Plans<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite progress, the <\/span><b>Sagarmala Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> faces challenges:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land acquisition delays.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental concerns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Funding constraints.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government plans to accelerate projects, attract private investment, and ensure sustainable development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is transforming India\u2019s maritime sector by modernizing ports, improving logistics, and boosting coastal economies. With hundreds of projects underway, it plays a vital role in India\u2019s trade growth. For more details, visit the <\/span><b>official Sagarmala portal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Are you preparing for UPSC 2025?<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/prelims\/prelims-samadhaan-mentorship-2025?utm_source=website&amp;utm_medium=home_page&amp;utm_campaign=course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Join IAShub&#8217;s UPSC coaching batches<\/b><\/a><b> to boost your preparation. Enroll now!<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_FAQs\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme FAQs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h1><b>Sagarmala Programme: Modernizing India\u2019s Maritime Infrastructure<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sagarmala Programme, initiated by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, is a strategic effort by the Government of India to revolutionize the maritime sector. Leveraging the country&#8217;s vast coastline, navigable waterways, and key trade routes, the programme seeks to harness these resources for port-driven development and the advancement of coastal communities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/upsc-mains-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>UPSC Exam Syllabus<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Explained-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Explained<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a national effort to enhance port connectivity, develop inland waterways, and drive industrial growth near coastal areas. The program focuses on optimizing logistics for both domestic and international trade.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has a 7,500 km coastline, yet its ports have faced inefficiencies. The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> addresses these challenges by upgrading infrastructure, improving last-mile connectivity, and integrating ports with roads and railways.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sagarmala Programme Objectives<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduce logistics cost for EXIM and domestic trade with minimal infrastructure investment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enhanced domestic waterways (inland and coastal) in the multi-modal transport<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lower logistics costs of bulk commodities by locating industries close to coast<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Create jobs and develop skills in ports and maritime sector<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Project_Purpose-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Project Purpose<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has four key objectives:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Port Modernization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Upgrade existing ports and develop new ones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Port Connectivity Enhancement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Improve road, rail, and inland waterway links to ports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coastal Community Development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Create jobs and boost local economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promote Coastal Shipping &amp; Inland Waterways<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Reduce reliance on roads and railways for cargo movement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1263&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Mechanical engineering optional Syllabus<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Five_Pillars-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Five Pillars<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A question often asked in UPSC is that what are the four pillars of the Sagarmala Programme? Its answer is The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> operates on <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall set of projects which are divided into <\/span><b>5 pillars and 24 categories<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>1)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Port-led Industrialization<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Industrial Cluster<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SIPC \/ SEZ<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thermal Power Plants<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Port Led Industries<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>2)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Coastal Community Development<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skill Development<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisheries<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ropeway<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technology Centers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Community Development<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>3)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Coastal Shipping &amp; IWT<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coastal Tourism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ro-Ro \/ Ro-Pax \/ Passenger Jetty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cruise Tourism<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coastal Infrastructure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Island Development<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inland Waterways<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>4)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Port Modernization<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New Ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Port Modernization &#8211; Major Ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Port Modernization &#8211; Non-Major Ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ship Repair<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>5)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Port Connectivity<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Road<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rail<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pipeline<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multimodal Hubs<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1432&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Statutory Bodies in India<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Project_Ports_List-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Project Ports List<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> covers <\/span><b>12 major ports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and over <\/span><b>200 non-major ports<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Some key ports under the program include:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme: List of Major Ports<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has 13 major ports, distributed across the eastern and western coasts. These ports are key to facilitating trade and managing cargo traffic efficiently.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Mumbai Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Maharashtra) \u2013 One of the oldest and busiest ports in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Sheva)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Maharashtra) \u2013 The largest container port in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Kandla Port (Deendayal Port)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Gujarat) \u2013 A major hub for petroleum, chemicals, and salt exports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Mormugao Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Goa) \u2013 Primarily handles iron ore exports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>New Mangalore Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Karnataka) \u2013 Deals with petroleum, fertilizers, and edible oil.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Cochin Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Kerala) \u2013 A key hub for international container transshipment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Chennai Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Tamil Nadu) \u2013 The second-largest container port in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Ennore Port (Kamarajar Port)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Tamil Nadu) \u2013 India\u2019s first corporate port.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Visakhapatnam Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Andhra Pradesh) \u2013 Handles coal, petroleum, and iron ore shipments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Paradip Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Odisha) \u2013 A crucial port for coal and iron ore exports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Kolkata Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (West Bengal) \u2013 India\u2019s only riverine port.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Haldia Port<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (West Bengal) \u2013 A satellite port of Kolkata handling bulk cargo.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>Tuticorin Port (V.O. Chidambaranar Port)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Tamil Nadu) \u2013 Important for container and general cargo handling.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Implementation-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Implementation<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sagarmala Programme&#8217;s institutional framework facilitates a collaborative role for the Central Government. It serves as a platform for the Central, State Governments, and Local Authorities to align their efforts, promoting coordination under the principles of cooperative federalism. This approach ensures the achievement of the programme&#8217;s goals and supports port-led development.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Governing Body<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Membership<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Responsibilities<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>National Sagarmala Apex Committee<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Headed by Union Minister of Ports, Shipping &amp; Waterways<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Includes relevant Central Ministers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Comprises Maritime States&#8217; Chief Ministers\/Port Ministers<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Provides strategic direction<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Ensures inter-ministerial coordination<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Approves master development plan<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Oversees program implementation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Conducts periodic progress reviews<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>State Sagarmala Committee<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Led by State Chief Minister\/Port Minister<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Includes state department heads<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Involves implementing agencies<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; Executes state-level projects<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Facilitates inter-department coordination<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Implements NSAC directives<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; Prioritizes critical initiatives<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1584&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Constitutional bodies in India<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Project_Current_Status-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Project Current Status<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With over 90% of India&#8217;s trade volume moving through maritime routes, modernizing port infrastructure is crucial for boosting manufacturing growth and supporting the &#8216;Make in India&#8217; initiative. India&#8217;s port network comprises 12 major ports (managed by the Central Government) and about 200 non-major ports (administered by State Governments).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Current Modernization Efforts:<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sagarmala Programme has initiated <\/span><b>234 port modernization projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> worth \u20b92,91,622 crore:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>94 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b931,517 crore) completed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>65 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b979,958 crore) currently underway<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme New Port Development:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>14 new port projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> identified (\u20b91,70,842 crore investment)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>3 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under construction:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Honavar (Karnataka)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chhara (Gujarat)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kakinada SEZ (Andhra Pradesh)<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>11 additional locations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> planned, including:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vadhavan (Maharashtra)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andaman Transhipment Port<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ramayyapatnam (Andhra Pradesh)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bhavnagar CNG Terminal<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Major Port Upgrades:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>166 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b968,625 crore) across major ports<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>90 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b926,098 crore) completed (adding &gt;230 MTPA capacity)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>38 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b922,232 crore) in progress<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focus areas:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanization<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital transformation<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Process optimization<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Non-Major Port Enhancements:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>45 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b947,166 crore) identified<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>4 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b95,419 crore) completed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>17 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b927,673 crore) ongoing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>31 PPP projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b945,973 crore total investment)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Special initiatives:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial support for 8 projects<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">100% funding for Puducherry port dredging<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Sagarmala Programme Ship Repair Infrastructure:<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>7 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b93,968 crore) planned<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><b>4 projects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u20b92,993 crore) in progress:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alang shipyard upgrade<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andaman &amp; Nicobar facilities<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cochin Shipyard expansions<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chennai and Karaikal Port developments<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Also Read:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/?p=1477&amp;preview=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Cooperative Federalism in India<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"metaslider-id-5575\" style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-5575 ml-slider has-dots-nav ms-theme-default-base\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_5575\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_5575\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-5579 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-10-11 11:47:58\" 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src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/web-site-banner-toppers-book.-400x180-1-scaled.jpg?resize=700%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-5575 slide-5581 msDefaultImage\" title=\"web site banner toppers book. 400x180\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_Challenges_and_Future_Plans-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme Challenges and Future Plans<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite progress, the <\/span><b>Sagarmala Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> faces challenges:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land acquisition delays.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental concerns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Funding constraints.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government plans to accelerate projects, attract private investment, and ensure sustainable development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is transforming India\u2019s maritime sector by modernizing ports, improving logistics, and boosting coastal economies. With hundreds of projects underway, it plays a vital role in India\u2019s trade growth. For more details, visit the <\/span><b>official Sagarmala portal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Are you preparing for UPSC 2025?<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/courses\/prelims\/prelims-samadhaan-mentorship-2025?utm_source=website&amp;utm_medium=home_page&amp;utm_campaign=course\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <b>Join IAShub&#8217;s UPSC coaching batches<\/b><\/a><b> to boost your preparation. Enroll now!<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sagarmala_Programme_FAQs-2\"><\/span><b>Sagarmala Programme FAQs<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<style>#sp-ea-2209 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 300ms;}#sp-ea-2209{ position: relative; }#sp-ea-2209 .ea-card{ opacity: 0;}#eap-preloader-2209{ position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; height: 100%;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: center;}#sp-ea-2209.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-2209.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-2209.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-2209.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-2209.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n.sp-ea-one.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  font-size: 1rem;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single .ea-header a .ea-expand-icon {\r\n  margin-right: 0px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion .sp-ea-single{\r\n background: #fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.ea-expand a{\r\n  background: #cfe2ff !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.sp-easy-accordion{\r\n  margin-bottom: 1rem;\r\n  margin-top: 1rem;\r\n}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1743683492\"><div id=\"sp-ea-2209\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ea-active=\"ea-click\" data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"1\" data-scroll-active-item=\"1\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\"><div id=\"eap-preloader-2209\" class=\"accordion-preloader\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-accordion-free\/public\/assets\/ea_loader.svg\" alt=\"Loader image\"\/><\/div><div class=\"ea-card ea-expand sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-22090\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse22090\" aria-controls=\"collapse22090\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-minus\"><\/i> What is the Sagarmala Programme?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse collapsed show\" id=\"collapse22090\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-2209\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-22090\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the Government of India to modernize ports, improve port connectivity, promote coastal shipping, and boost industrial and community development near coastal areas.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-22091\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse22091\" aria-controls=\"collapse22091\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the purpose of the Sagarmala Project?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse22091\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-2209\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-22091\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The project aims to reduce logistics costs, enhance domestic and international trade, create jobs, develop infrastructure, and strengthen coastal communities through port-led development.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-22092\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse22092\" aria-controls=\"collapse22092\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> Under which ministry does the Sagarmala Project operate?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse22092\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-2209\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-22092\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0The Sagarmala Programme is implemented by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-22093\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse22093\" aria-controls=\"collapse22093\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What are the five pillars of the Sagarmala Programme?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse22093\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-2209\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-22093\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0The five pillars are Port-led Industrialization, Coastal Community Development, Coastal Shipping &amp; Inland Water Transport (IWT), Port Modernization, and Port Connectivity.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-22094\" role=\"button\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse22094\" aria-controls=\"collapse22094\" href=\"#\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"ea-expand-icon eap-icon-ea-expand-plus\"><\/i> What is the current status of the Sagarmala Project?<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse \" id=\"collapse22094\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-2209\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-22094\"> <div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The project has over 234 port modernization initiatives worth \u20b92.91 lakh crore, with 94 completed projects, 65 ongoing, and 14 new ports identified for development.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Sagarmala Programme is India\u2019s flagship initiative to modernize ports, boost trade, and enhance coastal infrastructure. Learn about its objectives, key pillars, port list, ministry, launch date, and current status.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2208"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6347,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2208\/revisions\/6347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theiashub.com\/upsc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}